28 
acre, the normal reserve would figure 100 x 50+2=2,500 enbie feet per 
acre. This, then, is the average amount per acre which we should 
strive to keep in stock in order to insure an equal annual amount of 
growth or an equal annual cut. 
In reality this ideal of course is never reached, but it serves as a 
guide in the working plans, and the c&®ception is a most important and 
useful one. 
Thus in bringing a mismanaged forest growth under management for 
continuity we may find the stock of reserves to be either above or 
below the normal, and hence we may either cut more or less than the 
normal accretion, until the reserves are brought down or up to or near 
the ideal. 
The working plans must also include the propositions for improve. 
ment for new cultures on denuded areas, ete. Oue of the most impor- 
tant improvements isthe construction of properly situated and well- 
kept roads or other means of transportation. In European forests the 
“road net,” as a rationally disposed system of roads is called, is con- 
sidered of prime importance. Accessibility to markets, easy, cheap, 
and permanent means of transportation furnish the keynote of profit- 
able forest management. 
The method of marketing the crop is another matter of administra- 
tive consideration. This can be done either by selling the crop on the 
stump or by shaping it and placing it on the market either in the woods 
or in the stores. 
To the first method there is considerable objection for the reason that 
in cutting for reproduction there is need of careful handling of the 
timber, and it requires much undesirable supervision if private parties 
do the logging, while the administration, logging on its own account, 
can better control the manner in which it is done. In most Euro. 
pean administrations the cutting is done by the administration; each 
log is measured and numbered and each cord is also numbered, and 
after public announcement the wood cut in a certain district is sold at 
auction by numbers to the highest bidder, lumbermen and other wood 
cousumers having an equal chance. . 
The surveying and mapping and the districting, manner of employ- 
ing labor, leasing privileges, etc., are other administrative matters. 
This will be enough of the principles and detail of forest manage- 
ment to give an idea of what it is and what it involves. 
- 
° PROFITABLENESS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. 
The question whether forest management is profitable can no more be 
answered in general than the question whether agriculture or any 
other business is profitable. It depends upon many conditions which 
differ in each case. 
Broadly speaking, when we consider that the forest occupies or ought 
to occupy ground that is not good for anything else, that after being 
