26 
To give an insight as to what government forestry involves, a brief 
description may be of interest, especially as in several States, notably, 
in New York, and also for the United States timber lands, forest admin- 
istrations are proposed. 
As far as organization of a service is concerned, this must, of course, 
vary according to social conditions, and in a State administration, ac- 
cording to political methods; furthermore, according to the size and 
location of the forest areas and the intensity and thoroughness with 
which they can or are to be managed and many other local conditions. 
Taking the Prussian forest department as an example of a first- 
class, tolerably intensive forest administration, we find it thoroughly 
systematized. Each province has a fully equipped separate adminis- 
tration, and all of these are under the general central direction at 
Berlin. 
The latter is connected with the ministry of agriculture and consists 
of one director and four subdirectors, each acting for a definite section 
of the empire. 
The director, with the advice of the subdirectors, determines the gen- 
eral policy and principles of administration, looks after the personnel 
and directly after the forest schools, and has practically the final deei- 
sion on all matters that can not be settled by the provincial boards. 
In each province there are two or three government seats, and at 
each seat there is a local direction, inspection, and control under one 
director, the over-forestmaster, with a number of forestmasters to assist 
him, each of these being charged with the inspection and control of the 
administration of a number of forest districts. 
The latter, being forest areas ranging at from 5,000 to 30,000 acres 
in extent, are under the direct charge of the resident local managers 
(Oberfoerster), who are directly responsible for the execution of work- 
ing plans and everything connected with the management of their dis- 
trict. Under their command there are a number of foresters, each in 
charge of a subdistrict, to act as guards and to superintend the work 
in the forest. This force is increased by guards temporarily employed 
and by numerous aspirants for positions, who are also temporarily em- 
ployed as assistants. 
All money transactions involving cash are carried on through the 
agents of the treasury department, upon the draft of the district man- 
ager with reference to the particular position provided in the working 
plans, so that no forest officer handles any money. 
There exists also at the central direction a special bureau for revision 
of working plans. 
In this way, for the forest property of about 6,000,000 acres belong- 
ing to the state of Prussia, there are employed, besides some clerks, ete., 
nearly 5,000 oflicers, namely, 5 directors, 125 supervising inspectors or 
controllers, 680 resident managers, and 4,000 foresters and guards, nearly 
900 of this number having received a high technical education, the 
