22 
he has but a limited range of choice, and in such cases he should con- 
sider first of all the suitability of the species to the location. Itisa 
waste of time and energy to plant Cottonwood on high land, except as 
a roadside tree. While none of the native species in the farther West 
occur on high lands, all preferring the vicinity of living streams, yet it 
has been found that some succeed when planted on high lands much 
better than others. At Ogallah,in northwestern Kansas, in the grounds 
of the State Forestry Station, Hackberry, White Elm, Black and 
Honey Locust, Black Cherry, and Green Ash grow well on high lands, 
their vigor being in about the order named, with Boxelder and Silver 
Maple somewhat less vigorous. At the Brookings (S. Dak.) Station, 
Bur Oak and Black Cherry are proving well adapted to high land, as 
is also Scotch Pine and the native White Spruce of the Black Hills. 
Of course, where irrigation is practiced the choice of varieties is only 
limited by their ability to withstand extremes of heat and cold. It 
will be readily understood that within the plains—from Texas to North 
Dakota and from Missouri and Jowa to the Sierra Nevadas—there must 
be a careful study of the adaptation of species to the soil, climate, and 
exposure of the particular site to be planted. 
In Texas there is a reasonable expectation that the valuable Shortleaf 
Pine (Pinus echinata) will prove useful beyond its natural range in the 
eastern part of the State, while Rock Pine (P. ponderosa scopulorum) 
should prove useful in the higher lands of the West. This latter spe- 
cies indeed is worthy of trial throughout the plains region, being 
native of the entire Rocky Mountain region and extending farther east 
(along the Niobrara, in Nebraska) than any Northwestern tree form. 
In Texas and the Southwest several other forms give promise of useful- 
ness that will probably not prove hardy farther north than the central 
partof Oklahoma. The Mesquit (Prosopis juliflora) is a native species 
valuable both for its wood and the forage it supplies for stock, which 
should prove an excellent nurse for conifers. The Chinaberry (Jelia 
azedarach) is a rapid-growing species that has been much used as 
a Shade tree in the Southwest, which may prove useful as a dense 
shading nurse for such species as Catalpa, Black Walnut, and the 
Oaks. Both these native forms seed freely and grow readily from 
seed, and may be used to take the place of such Northern species as 
Aspen and Boxelder in mixed planting. Among other native forms 
that will probably prove useful in the Southwest the following may be 
mentioned as worthy of trial: Osage Orange, Cow Oak, Hackberry, 
Pecan. 
Oklahoma is the border land where one may find a coming together 
of Northern and Southern species. In the northern part of the Terri- 
tory such species as are commonly grown throughout the Northwest 
are planted, though Boxelder and Silver Maple can hardly be called 
successful. In the southern part the Mesquit is native and the China- 
berry is seen under cultivation. There is offered here a wide range for 
