89 
per cent) Pine living. This g:ves promise of a good stand. If half 
the trees reported living become thoroughly established and evenly dis- 
tributed over the acre it will insure a full stand of pine at the age of 
25 years, supposing the trees are protected from overcrowding by the 
natural growth. 
Under favorable conditions it is safe to assume that pines set 8 by 8 
feet in cut-over lands will make a good stand. This would require 680 
trees per acre. So much depends, however, on care of stock, skillful 
planting, atmospheric and soil moisture at planting time and during the 
first season, and density of existing growth that it would be much safer 
to plant 6 by 6 feet apart, or at the rate of 1,210 trees per acre. 
In this connection it may be stated that an experiment of a similar 
nature has been undertaken in the planting of deforested pine lands of 
Pennsylvania, Mr. N. T. Arnold, of Ridgway, Elk County, having kindly 
offered the use of land for this purpose. The first planting was made 
at Ridgway in November, 1897, and a report can not therefore be 
included in this bulletin. 
EXPERIMENTS WITH NURSERIES FOR EVERGREENS. 
At each of the stations small evergreens were planted in nursery 
rows or in shaded beds, preparatory to setting them in the plats later. 
The plantings were practically a failure at all the stations save Grand 
Rapids, Minn., which is within the natural pineries. _The poor stand 
secured is the result of several causes. 
The methods employed in transplanting evergreens at the leading 
commercial nurseries are so simple that it would seem easy to put them 
into practice. The seedling trees are taken from the seed bed, or the 
young transplants from the nursery rows, care being taken to protect 
the roots from drying. A furrow is opened with plow or spade, the 
seedling is placed against the straight side of the furrow at just its 
former depth, and the earth is drawn up over the roots by the planter, 
who thus passes quickly along the row on his knees, doing all the work 
by hand. A second man follows with a block of wood, with which he 
tamps the soil firmly on the root, and a third man levels up the ground, 
leaving the surface soil loose, to act as a mulch. Sometimes the entire 
work is done by one man, but the process is usually and more expedi- 
tiously done as above described. Great difficulty was experienced in 
getting the workmen to follow these simple instructions. Hither the 
trees would be set too deep or the soil would not be well packed about 
the roots, or the roots would be exposed neediessly while planting, any 
one of which causes is sufficient to kill the trees. The professors and 
foremen in charge of the work did everything 1n their power to have it 
properly done, but with inexperienced men it was impossible to secure 
the best planting. 
While poor workmanship must be held responsible for a share of fail- 
