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better than the drill sowings The stand at that date, damping off 
having ceased, was as follows: 
Red Pine, sown in drills and covered with sand, 25 per cent of a per- | 
fect stand. Remaining sowings of Red Pine germinated freely, but 
almost all died; Rock Pine stand, from 50 per cent to 80 per cent; 
Douglas Spruce, from 30 per cent to 70 per cent; White Fir, almost a 
failure. 
At the Lincoln (Nebraska) station the seed germinated well, except 
White Fir, which was a complete failure. On July 2 80 per cent of 
the Red Pine, 60 per cent of the Douglas Spruce, and 70 per cent of the 
Rock Pine seedlings were reported dead, the totals of living trees being 
26 Red Pine, 1,682 Douglas Spruce, and 619 Bull Pine. 
No report has been received from the South Dakota Station. 
A wider spacing of the seeds has been recommended as a preventive 
of damping off. It is the common practice in the commercial nurseries 
to sow evergreen seed broadcast in carefully prepared beds, slightly 
raised at the center to insure surface drainage. In most nurseries the 
soil is either naturally sandy or else a large admixture of sand is 
forked in to further insure perfect drainage. At one of the leading 
nurseries, where growing from seed is very successful, the seed are 
sown broadcast in flat beds about 4 feet wide, and lath screens are 
immediately laid on, in contact with the surface of the bed. On top of 
the screen a mulch of old straw about 3 inches thick is placed, and the — 
watering is done on the straw. The beds are watered freely, and when 
germination begins the screens are raised 4 to 6 inches by placing 
blocks under them. When the majority of the seeds have sprouted 
the mulch is gradually removed, and the beds are said to receive no 
special care thereafter, except necessary watering. 
At several of the leading nurseries large screen houses, 4 to 6 feet 
high and often over an acre in extent, are used in place of low screens, 
and the seedlings are transplanted once within the screen house before 
removing them to the open. 
In alarge Wisconsin nursery Bull Pine is grown from seed entirely 
in the open, the beds receiving no shade whatever from the time the 
seeds are sown. | 
In a central Nebraska nursery, which has since been abandoned, 
Rocky Mountain evergreens were grown from the seed in a screen house, 
which, built of lath in the ordinary way, was made much more shady 
by the addition of cat-tails and rushes. The sides were made almost 
tight with brush and rushes, so that the structure afforded a much 
greater degree of protection than is provided by the nurserymen of the 
Lake region and the East. I visited this nursery after seed sowing 
had been abandoned, but the evidence of successful culture was still 
evident. The tiny trees were twice transplanted within the house, and 
the third planting was in nursery rows in the open, where thorough 
culture was given. 
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