36 Vol. XXII 
FROM FIELD AND STUDY 
Migrations of the Pinyon Jay in Colorado.—The Pinyon Jay (Cyanocephalus cy- 
anocephalus) is an erratic bird in Boulder County and other portions of Colorado be- 
yond the range of the pinyon pines, “continually changing location according to food 
supply” (Cooke). Betts says they have been seen in Boulder County every month of 
the year except December. For several years, in May, especially late in the month, they 
have been seen flying over Boulder daily in large flocks, almost always moving a little 
west of north. This has been so regular as to indicate a normal spring migration, such 
as occurs in Wyoming, according to Knight. I have also seen them in October and No- 
vember at Boulder, flying in various directions, but mostly south. The puzzling autum- 
nal movement of these jays at Boulder in 1919 has attracted the attention of many 
persons who ordinarily do not notice the birds very closely. Beginning about August 
25 they were seen daily flying over in scattered groups and small flocks, passing so con- 
tinuously sometimes in the mornings that for an hour or two their harsh calls could be 
heard almost without cessation, and less continuously later in the day. Up to October 
8 many thousands passed, almost without exception flying about ten degrees north of 
east, from the mountains out over the plains, at right angle with the spring flight. I 
saw them but once flying in any other direction, and that was the last flock seen, about 
fifty birds, on October 8, flying in exactly the opposite direction. All observers here re- 
port about the same experience. Mr. Geo. E. Osterhout, of Windsor, northeast of Boul- 
der, wrote on October 6 that he had seen no Pinyon Jays there this season. Professor 
L. A. Adams, of Teachers College, Greeley, wrote on September 23 that he had seen 
none until September 16, two days after my letter reached him, when they first appeared 
and had been flying over almost every day since in large flocks, travelling east. In an- 
other sentence he says “always going or coming from the west to east or vice versa.”’ 
Mr. W. L. Burnett, of the State Agricultural College, Fort Collins, wrote on September 
20 that he had not seen or heard any of the jays there this season. I should like to 
know whether other observers have noted their movements east of the Rockies in Colo- 
rado, Wyoming or adjacent states—Junius HENDERSON, Boulder, Colorado, November 
10, 1919. 
The Clarke Nutcracker at Point Pinos, Monterey County, California——On Novem- 
ber 2 and 3, 1919, a single Clarke Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) visited my door- 
yard, at the western edge of the town of Pacific Grove. On both occasions there was a 
low fog. The bird was rather tame and was apparently attracted by my small grove of 
pines. It took advantage of the fine spray of a garden sprinkler for a sketchy bath, and 
made an unsuccessful attempt to open a Monterey pine cone. During the second visit 
it foraged, somewhat after the manner of a flicker, among the fallen pine needles, and 
before leaving perched for about three minutes on an electric service wire, uttering the 
characteristic “boreal” calls. It was not alarmed by several noisy autos which passed 
almost beneath. Since that time and up to date (December 28) I have seen or heard 
the birds several times each week and they have been reported elsewhere on the penin- 
sula. They seem to take kindly to the cones of the Monterey pine.—W. K. FISHER, 
Hopkins. Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California, December 28, 1919. 
Segregation of Male Mallards.—In reading Mr. Aldo Leopold’s interesting article 
on “Differential Sex Migrations of Mallards in New Mexico’, in the September-October 
Conpor, I recall that in Wisconsin twenty years ago we not infrequently found winter 
flocks composed of green-heads alone. I have no records of migrating flocks of any size 
that were made up entirely cf birds of one sex, nor of large winter flocks of females 
alone, but I have definitely noted a number of times large winter flocks composed en- 
tirely of males. Many Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes remained throughout 
the winter in the southeastern part of the state, feeding principally in cornfields on the 
larger prairies. During the bitter winter weather, when the lakes, ponds, and creeks 
were all tightly covered with ice, the only water available for the birds was in certain 
small spring-holes that were never frezen. The Mourning Dove, Wilson Snipe, Ameri- 
