xluGUST 7, 1885. J 



SCIENCE. 



Ill 



ed by dots: it shows the central bureaus, A, B, C, D, 

 E, F, G, H, etc., and gives other information as in- 

 dicated in the legend. 



The telephone system of Paris is, after that of 

 America, one of the most prosperous, numbering at 

 the end of last April thirty-eight hundred subscrib- 

 ers, very unequally distributed over Paris and the 

 suburbs, as is easily seen from the map which shows 

 their distribution Oct. 1, 1884, with the points of 

 attachment of the lines outside of the city walls 

 starting froiu each of the gates. In the Opera and 



PROFESSOR SUMNER'S ECONOMIC ES- 

 SAYS. 



" One may read, in scores of books and arti- 

 cles, that political economy is passing through 

 a transition stage. ... It is certainly true 

 that there is no bod}^ of economists engaged in 

 carrying on the science of political economj' 

 by a consistent development of its older results, 

 accordino; to such new lisflit as can be brouofht 





• PoSle djii>onn« 

 O Buceau central 

 ■— " Umite de circon&cn'ptjoiLd'u a 

 ^ bureau centraJ, 

 fU JoncOcni'un&isteaudali^S 

 $S Pont3vecpassa|edaliJi«S30Ute.rAine9. 

 ^^ 6inL9unep«uye^p3SS£rlestifn«$3out0Tahi««. 



Metres 



^'M°«'^'^Sc 



5IAP OF PARIS, SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TELEPHONES (La nature). 



Sentier districts, the subscribers are most abundant. 

 There are a dozen district offices so distributed as to 

 insure the service with the minimum of conductors; 

 the system being, as is known, almost entirely subter- 

 ranean. Between each of these twelve offices, and 

 the eleven others, there are auxiliary lines sufficient 

 to establish communications between the subscrib- 

 ers, by passing through two district offices at the 

 most, whatever be the distance between the subscrib- 

 ers. The number of these auxiliary lines naturally 

 varies with that of the subscribers connected with 

 each district office. 



to bear upon them. ... A host of writers 

 have been busy for the last twent}^ j-ears, 

 introducing conflicting and baseless notions, 

 which, for want of a competent criticism, have 

 won standing in the science. Others have 

 made a boast of turning their backs on scien- 

 tific method, and of describing, by way of con- 

 tributing to political economy, some portion of 

 the surface appearance which is presented In^ 



Collected essaya in political and social science. By Wil- 

 liam Graham Sumner. New York, Holt, 1885. 



