268 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. VI., No. 138. 



their models of turtles among the best of their 

 clay sculptures. Nor are we disappointed in 

 this, as may be judged from the two drawings 

 (figs. 3 and 4) from a specimen of tliis kind in 

 my possession. 



Fig. 



3. — Dorsal view of turtle modelled in white clay by Zufii 

 Indian. 



The carapace of this figure is painted a deep 

 brown ; while the epidermal plates are simply 

 indicated by six transverse lines, crossed by 

 the same number of longitudinal ones, both in 

 a flesh-red color. This latter tint has also 

 been used to paint the plastron and longi- 

 tudinal lines on the deep-brown head and feet. 

 This coloration gives it a not distant resem- 

 blance to some form of Chrysemys. Two such 

 specimens are in my collection ; and in both 

 the designer has represented the toes by sim- 

 ply slitting the clay a little ways, in one in- 

 stance correctly, as seen in the figure ; and in 

 the other by three slits, giving each foot only 

 four toes. 



Fig. 4. — The same, lateral aspect. Both less than half the size 

 of original. 



I have never seen the turtle depicted upon 

 any of their pottery, and I believe it must be 

 one of their rarer forms to model in day. So 

 far as I can remember, Mr. Barber does not 

 mention it, or figure the turtle in his article in 

 the American naturalist, published some four 

 years ago ; nor does Mr. Stevenson allude to 

 it, by word or figure, in the catalogue of his 

 enormous collection of 1879 already quoted. 



Mr. Stevenson's figures support another 

 curious fact which I have observed, and will 

 allude to before concluding. It is this : they 

 seem to reserve their amblystomas, their axo- 

 lotls, their tadpoles, and their bugaboos of 

 human form, to illuminate the quaint cla}^ bas- 

 kets the}^ manufacture, which usually have 

 handles, and are ornamented with fancy ser- 

 rated edges, and are of odd shapes. Almost 

 invariably they represent the tadpoles upon 

 side view, and take especial pains to draw the 

 suctorial lips and the eye. The tail, however, 

 is drawn simply by a wriggling line, and is not 

 the broad tail of the tadpole, seen upon lateral 

 aspect of this creature. R. W. Shufeldt. 



TYPES AND THEIR INHERITANCE. 



The object of the anthropologist is plain. He seeks 

 to learn what mankind really are in body and mind, 

 how they came to be what they are, and whither their 

 races are tending; but the methods by which this 

 definite inquiry has to be pursued are extremely di- 

 verse. Those of the geologist, the antiquarian, the 

 jurist, the historian, the philologist, the traveller, 

 the artist, and the statistician, are all employed; and 

 the science of man progresses through the help of 

 specialists. Under these circumstances, I think it 

 best to follow an example occasionally set by presi- 

 dents of sections, by giving a lecture rather than an 

 address, selecting for my subject one that has long 

 been my favorite pursuit, on which I have been 

 working with fresh data during many recent months, 

 and about which I have something new to say. 



My data wei'e the family records intrusted to me 

 by persons living ill all parts of the country; and I 

 am now glad to think that the publication of some 

 first-fruits of their analysis will show to many careful 

 and intelligent correspondents that their painstaking 

 has not been thrown away. I shall refer to only a 

 part of the work already completed, which in due 

 time will be published ; and must be satisfied if, when 

 I have finished this address, some few ideas that lie 

 at the root of heredity shall have been clearly appre- 

 hended, and their wide bearings more or less dis- 

 tinctly perceived. I am the more desirous of speaking 

 on heredity, because, judging from private conversa- 

 tions and inquiries that are often put to me, the pop- 

 ular views of what may be expected from inheritance 

 seem neither clear nor just. 



The subject of my remarks will be ' Types and their 

 inheritance.' I shall discuss the conditions of the 

 stability and instability of types, and hope, in doing 

 so, to place beyond doubt the existence of a simple 

 and far-reaching law that governs hereditary trans- 

 mission, and to which I once before ventured to draw 



Opening address before the section of anthropology of the 

 British ast-ociation for the advancement of science, by Francis 

 Galton, F. R. S., etc., president of the section. From advance 

 sheets of Nature. 



