32 
- smaller pieces, evidently broken from this, and some- 
what worn. ‘This rock presents all of the character- 
istics and all of the grades of the nodules found in 
the marl] conglomerate, —the same shells, same large 
amount of sand, and the same appearance. The 
character of the rock changes gradually here. Be- 
tween Warsaw and Kenansville it is richest, yielding 
forty to fifty per cent phosphate, while both east and 
west it grows more sandy. Between Sampson on the 
west and Jones on the east we find all the grades of 
rock which were found in a single place in the con- 
glomerate beds of the lower country. We conclude, 
therefore, that this conglomerate was formed from 
extensive breaking up and mingling of beds similar to 
those seen at the present time in Sampson, Duplin, 
and Jones counties, and not from stray coprolites, as 
has been supposed. 
Whether this field will yield any phosphate of more 
than local value depends upon conditions yet to be 
determined. CHas. W. DABNEY, Jun. 
N. C. experiment-station, Jan. 2. 
Radiant heat. 
While it appears that Mr. Fitzgerald’s criticism 
upon Dr. Eddy’s hypothesis is conclusive, yet the 
latter makes a statement in your issue of Dec. 21 
which is misleading, since it implies that the device 
will produce the desired result. Dr. Eddy says, — 
‘‘Thus the fact remains, that, although a definite 
amount of heat from B remains entangled in the 
region mn, which is not increased with the lapse of 
time, there is a continued passage of heat through 
this region into B, that being the very object sought 
to be accomplished by my process.”’ 
l m n 
4 aa 
i | , | 
Now, the fact is, there cannot be ‘a continued pas- 
sage of heat through this region into B,’ without 
permitting the passage of heat from B to A, by any 
of the processes described. Granting that heat is 
entrapped in the space m n, it will escape into the 
space 1 m whenever the door y is opened for the pas- 
sage of heat from A into the space m n; and the 
heat so entrapped in the space lm will pass on to A 
whenever x is opened to admit heat from A. This 
is so plain, that it is only necessary to call attention 
to the fact, to have it admitted. If the only object 
sought, as stated in the above extract, was to permit 
the passage of heat from A to B, it could be secured 
at once without any device between A and B. As 
originally stated, the object was to transfer more 
heat from A, the colder body, to B, the hotter one, 
than was passed in the opposite direction. The 
writer has shown in another place! that Dr. Eddy’s 
system of moving screens fails to accomplish this 
result. ° DE Vouson Woop. 
Limits of tertiary in Alabama. 
The announcement in Science (ii. 777) of Profes- 
sor Johnson’s extension of the border-line of the 
tertiary in Alabama to a position ten miles north of 
1 American engineer, Chicago, 1883, Jan. 12, Feb. 9, 23, and 
April 6; also Journ. Frankl. inst., May, 1883, 347. 
SCIENCE. 
[Vor. IIL, No. 49. 
Allenton, and six north of Camden, recalls similar 
observations made by Alexander Winchell in 1853, 
and published in Proc. Amer. assoc. adv. sc. for 1856, © 
pp. 88, 89. These sub-Claiborne beds he designated 
‘buff sand;’ and the overlying ledge of calcareous 
grit was traced by him ‘‘ eight and a half miles north 
of Allenton, which ”’ was ‘‘ twenty-five miles farther 
north than the tertiary beds had been hitherto recog- 
nized in this part of the state.’’ The undescribed 
fossils collected were left with Professor Tuomey, 
who pronounced them eocene, and held them for de- 
scription till his death in 1857. A few years later 
the vicissitudes of war involved the destruction of the — 
Tuscaloosa cabinet by fire. Mr. Winchell’s observa- 
tions were communicated orally in December, 1853, 
to Professor Tuomey, who noted them down on a 
manuscript map, from which was compiled the map 
published in 1858 in Tuomey’s (posthumous) second 
report, edited by Mallet. This places the boundary 
of the eocene a mile north of Allenton, which, as 
shown above, is not so far north as Winchell traced 
the formation. There is, however, nothing in the 
text of the report on which any change in the older 
map of this region could be based. Professor Tuo- 
mey’s observations had been directed to other parts 
of the state; and Mr. Thornton, his assistant, reports 
tracing this line through Monroe county, while the 
map shows it located nine or ten miles north of that 
county, and, if fully conformed to information in 
Professor Tuomey’s possession, would have shown it 
seventeen and a half miles north. These statements 
are only important on the principle of swum cuique. 
Italics for scientific names. 
The scientific name of every described plant and 
animal consists of two or more words: namely, that 
of the genus, used as a substantive; and the specific 
name, which follows, and is an adjective adjunct. 
A species may have a dozen or a hundred common or 
vulgar names, in half as many languages; but there 
is only one name in the dead, unchanging, scientific 
nomenclature. It seems to me that the importance 
of scientific names, over all others, makes them de- 
serving of a more emphatic type than that of the gen- 
eral text. In the ordinary print—as that of this — 
page of Science—any scientific name should be given 
in italics. Take, for example, the American larch, 
tamarack, or hackmatack. This tree of our swamps 
may have many local names, but it has only one in 
science the whole world over. The emphasis of this 
fact is largely lost if it is written without an under- 
score, or printed thus, Larix Americana. It would 
be only a short step farther to have it larix améri- 
cana. 
It does not follow that names of groups need to be 
italicized. Thus we can have the order Liliaceae, 
which contains the genus Lilium with its Canada lily 
(Lilium Canadense), the golden-banded lily of Japan 
(Z. auratum), and L. candidum, or the common white 
lily. Quercus, Pinus, Prunus, Ranunculus, and the 
thousands of other genera of plants and animals, when 
used alone, may be set in the common type of the. 
page, and stand thus, —quercus, pinus, prunus, and 
ranunculus; but I do not like it. Many of the ge- 
neric names are derived from proper names, as Lin- 
naea, Magnolia, Tournefortia, Begonia, etc.; and 
these certainly should begin with capitals. When, 
however, the name of any genus is the common name 
of all the plants in that genus, it is reasonable to use 
it without a capital, when employed in a general way. 
_We may say of a plant, it is a fine begonia, or a stately 
magnolia, or a delicate linnaea, and the absence of 
