‘JANUARY 11, 1884.] 
cal elements on the broad arch produced by local 
extrusions, or subsequent erosion; lava having been 
poured from many craters that rise from eight hun- 
dred to eight thousand feet above the arch, forming 
an irregular series of ridges having here and there a 
radial arrangement. Some are on a line, as if from 
a common fissure; but, for the most part, they are 
irregular in distribution. The great peaks of the 
range are all remnants of old craters. The larger 
ones form the most prominent peaks of the system, 
and, although post-miocene in age, are older than 
many of the smaller ones, which are mainly cinder- 
cones, which retain their crater-form more or less 
perfectly. As a rule, also, the latter are basaltic, 
while the chief mass of the larger ones is andesitic. 
While Pit River, and perhaps some of its promi- 
nent tributaries, as well as the Umqua and Rogue 
rivers, are examples of antecedent drainage, it is 
probable that the Klamath and Columbia rivers, with 
their tributaries, are, in part at least, consequent. 
However, the trip was too hasty to make completely 
trustworthy observations on this point. 
— During July, August, and September, Dr. F. V. 
Hayden, with Dr. A. C. Peale as an assistant, made 
a geological reconnaissance along the line of the 
Northern Pacific railroad from Bismarck, Dakota, to 
Helena, Montana. Geological sections were made 
at various points, especially with reference to the line 
between the Fox Hills cretaceous and the Laramie 
group. Collections of fossil plants and shells were 
made at Sims, Gladstone, and Little Missouri, in 
Dakota, and at Glendive, Miles City, Billings, the 
Bull Mountains, Stillwater, Livingston, Bozeman, 
and other places, in Montana. ‘The various coal- 
mines along the line of the road were visited and 
examined, as were also the borings for artesian wells 
at Bismarck, Dakota, and at Billings, Montana. 
STATE INSTITUTIONS. 
University of Kansas, Lawrence. + 
The new chemical laboratory. — The regents of the 
university have wisely provided for the increased 
growth and importance of the chemical department 
by the construction of a building for laboratory pur- 
poses. It is built of native limestone, with dressed 
stone and brick trimmings, and, as may be seen from 
the engraving, is in the form of a T. 
The part extending east and west is 80 by 35 feet, 
and the L north of this is 40 feet square. The main 
laboratory and lecture-room are finished to the rafters, 
and all the rooms on the main floor are provided with 
additional light and abundant ventilation by sky- 
lights. The ground-floor rooms are 12 feet in the clear, 
and well lighted. These are occupied by an assay- 
room with crucible and muffle furnaces and complete 
apparatus for the fire assay of ores, and also by labo- 
ratories for blow-pipe work. 
The east wing of the main floor, which is 14 feet to 
the eaves, is occupied by a lecture-room, seated in 
amphitheatre style, and capable of accommodating 
from 80 to 100 students. In addition to the ventilating 
apparatus above mentioned, the plan includes flues 
SCIENCE. | 53 
in the wall, connected with hoods, and hoods in the 
centre of the main laboratory, which are ventilated 
by glazed pipes terminating above the roof. 
GROUND-FLOOR PLAN. 
A, fire assay room; B, storeroom; C, metallurgical and blow- 
pipe laboratory; D, wet assay room. 
All the rooms are supplied with running water, and 
gas, and heated by steam. The laboratory intended 
for qualitative students has over 25,000 cubic feet of 
air-space, and is intended for 54 students, each to be 
supplied with cupboards, sets of reagent bottles, etc. 
The tables are to be furnished with slate tops, and, in 
the quantitative room, with filter-pumps. 
SECOND-FLOOR PLAN. 
A, washroom; B, lecture-room; C, storeroom; D, specialists’ 
laboratory; E, balance-room; F, professor’s office; G, quali- 
tative laboratory; H, porch; I, stairway. 
Protection from fire is insured by means of a large 
tank in the attic, from which pipes supply the differ- 
ent rooms. 
