92 SCIENCE. [Vou. IIL, No. 51. 
ward. The -reef shown on most charts ex- shaped, with an irregular outline, rising five 
tended only a short distance from Umnak or 
Bogosloff, and was never continuous between 
them. | 
Other islands of exactly similar origin are 
to be found in this region, notably Koniugi and 
Kasatochi in the western Aleutians, and Pin- 
nacle Island near St. Mathew Island. Of the 
last, sketches are reproduced here, showing it 
‘end on’ and from the side. It differs from 
Bogosloff in having the crest deeply chan- 
nelled ; and it has been reported, that within a 
few years light has been seen in this fissure 
by navigators passing at night, though there is 
no record of smoke or lava being ejected. 
Of the latest addition to the list of Aleutian 
voleano-islands, we are not in a position to say 
much. The facts reported seem in brief to be 
these : — 
During the past season, Bogosloff has been 
in a state of eruption, as was observed by 
Capt. Hague, of the steamer Dora, on two oc- 
casions, when passing it at a distance of a mile 
and a half. He describes it as entirely envel- 
oped in smoke and flame, with red-hot lava 
issuing from its central portion, and great 
quantities of softer lava running down to the 
sea. ‘This has continued up to the time of the 
latest reports. The natives state that the erup- 
tion began about six months ago, and has con- 
tinued in an intermittent manner ever since. 
Makushin voleano, on Unalashka Island, re- 
mained quiet. On the 16th of October a dark 
cloud of indescribable appearance covered the 
sky northward from Unalashka, and hung very 
near the earth for some time, completely ex- 
cluding the light of the sun, and accompanied 
by arise of temperature in the air. In about 
haif an hour this cloud collapsed, and covered 
the earth with dull gray, cottony ashes of ex- 
treme lightness. This was ascribed to the 
Bogosloff eruption which had been heard of, 
though not visible from Iliuliuk harbor, where 
these observations were made. Another ac- 
count says the fall of ashes occurred Oct. 24, 
and that the amount has been exaggerated. 
Subsequently Capt. Hague passed again in 
the vicinity of Bogosloff, and, to his astonish- 
ment, observed a new island which had ap- 
peared above the sea since his previous visit, 
and in a spot which he had previously sailed 
over. In the month of September Capt. 
Anderson, of the schooner Mathew Turner, 
had observed the new island, which was then 
a mass of fire and smoke, apparently not hav- 
ing taken shape. Capt. Hague reports the 
new peak to be situated half a mile north- 
north-westward from Bogosloff, to be cone- 
Se 
to eight hundred feet above the sea, and 
about three-quarters of a mile in diameter. 
It is stated that no further information was 
obtained ; and none is likely to be obtainable 
until next spring, as communication with Una- 
lashka is not kept up during the winter months. 
To examine it, a special expedition from Una- 
lashka would be necessary; as it cannot be 
much less than forty-five miles from [iuliuk 
harbor, in the open sea, and would be little 
more than visible from the nearest land. I 
would suggest for it the name of Grewingk 
Island, in honor of the celebrated geologist 
who monographed in 1850 all that was known 
of Alaskan geology and mineralogy.? 
Since the above news was received, further 
intelligence has come to hand in regard to vol- | 
canic activity in Alaska, from an unexpected 
locality. From the entrance of Port Graham, 
sometimes called English Bay, at the mouth 
of Cook’s Inlet on its eastern shore, may 
be seen the rounded summit of Augustin or 
Chernobour Island. It presented in 1880 the 
appearance of a low rounded dome without a 
peak, and measured about thirty-eight hundred 
feet in height by angles from different stations. 
The island of which it is the summit is about 
fifty miles from Port Graham in a south-west 
by west direction, is rounded and about eight 
miles in diameter, bluff to the north-west, 
and sloping to the south-east. There are 
many rocks about it, and it has been a noted 
haunt of sea-otters. It was known to be vol- 
canic, but no description of it as active is 
on record so far as I can discover. Accord- 
ing to information received from Capts. Cullie 
and Sands, and summarized for the press by 
Prof. George Davidson at San Francisco, the 
following observations were made at the Alex- 
ander Village at Port Graham. ‘Smoke first 
arose from the peak in August. On the morn- 
ing of Oct. 6 the inhabitants heard a heavy 
report, and saw smoke and flames issuing. from 
the summit of the island. The sky became 
obscured, and a few hours later there was a 
shower of pumice-dust. About half-past eight 
o’clock the same day an earthquake wave, esti- 
mated at thirty feet in height, rolled in upon 
the shore, deluging the houses on the lowland, 
and washing the boats and canoes from the 
beach. It was followed by others of less 
height. The ash fell to a depth of several 
inches, and the darkness required lamps to be 
lighted. At night flames were seen issuing 
1 Capt. Hague proposed to name it New Bogosloff; but the 
derivation of the word ‘ Bogosloff’ is such that a different name 
would be preferable. 
~ 
