120 
fectly flat, and is mostly covered with fir trees ; 
although, of course, part has been cleared, so as 
not to influence the readings of the instruments. 
The observatory is certainly the meteorological 
paradise (at least in summer); and the visitor, 
whether casual, or there for the purpose of 
study, cannot but be struck by the taste which 
has been displayed in its organization and con- 
struction. The whole establishment was erect- 
ed at a cost of about seventy-five thousand 
dollars. 
The accompanying illustration shows the 
main building from the north side. The large 
thermometer-shelter is seen against the build- 
ing; a little to the right, through the trees, is 
seen the stable; and still more to the right 
the roof of the director’s summer residence is 
visible. Of the smaller buildings, the one to 
the right is a thermometer-screen; the other 
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[Vou. IIIL., No. 52.2 
another rain-gauge, and the black bulb in 
vacuo near these. Inside of. the little en- 
closure is a sand-heap in which are buried the 
thermometers for measuring the earth’s temper- 
ature at different depths. The instruments 
are placed both in a vertical and horizontal 
position. In order to get at the horizontal 
thermometers, a hole has been dug, which con- 
tains a box filled with earth, the hole being 
covered by a trap-door. ‘The box ean be slid 
from its position, and the end of the thermom- 
eter-cuses exposed to view. ‘These are then 
drawn out (horizontally) by the observer, and 
read without taking them from the hole. The 
vertical thermometers are not in this hole, but 
are drawn vertically out of the sand when read. 
The glass tubing surrounding the thermometers 
is so made that no moisture can reach the 
thermometer-bulbs. 
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MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY AT PAWLOWSK, RUSSIA. 
two for self-registering instruments, one con- 
taining a rain and wind measure, and the other 
a rain-measure and atmometer. There is also 
Near this sand-pile is a pond constructed for 
the purpose of making measures of evapora- 
tion on a large scale. The observations of this 
