204 
at least he might have told us how to apply 
the circumspection. 
Like many another victualler of youth, he has 
very dark views about the hungry camper, or, 
as he sadly calls him, the ‘stomach-man.’ He 
thus exhorts him by picturing the perfect primal 
man : — 
“‘Tn reference to this subject, this fact should be 
kept in view. The type man, the formative man, 
was symmetrical. Neither his intellectual, nor his 
sensual, faculties predominated. Temperate in all 
things, he appreciated and enjoyed the beautiful, the 
euphonic, the fragrant, the relishful and the eupathic. 
He suffered, — but to him his task was not onerous; 
he enjoyed, — but his fruition did not engender 
ecstasy. Virtuous,—he met what was before him 
with fortitude. Brave,—he triumphed in every 
struggle for right. From birth till death, all was 
satisfactory, all was enjoyable.”’ 
The most of the book is filled with accounts 
of short excursions in New Jersey. They are 
commonplace enough in their matter, and are 
only interesting from the indescribably queer 
tone that pervades them. ‘There are many sin- 
gular criticisms on the manners and customs 
of the folk at the summer resorts on the Jersey 
coast: they are vulgar enough, but the pervad- 
ing queerness of the text makes them interest- 
ing. 
This essentially worthless little book meets 
a growing interest in the free life that the camp 
alone can give the summerer. Our country 
with its abundant wildernesses, with the toler- 
ance of its country folk for what would in other 
lands be called trespasses, lends itself to this 
charming method of travel. It is much to be 
desired that some master of the fine art of de- 
cent living in rough conditions should give us 
a manual for the guidance of beginners in its 
mysteries. 
ETHNOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 
Zur naturwissenschafilichen behandlungsweise der 
psychologie durch und fiir die vilkerkunde. Von 
A. BastTIAn. Berlin, 1888. 2384p. 8°. 
THE idea pervading all of the more recent 
publications of Adolf Bastian is to establish 
a science of psychology of nations upon the 
data of modern ethnography. ‘The all-pervad- 
ing influence of nature forms and shapes peo- 
ples, nationalities, and their customs and habits ; 
and therefore ethnology must become a natural 
science, — the physical science of the mind as 
manifested in the development of each nation 
in particular, and all the nations taken as a 
whole. The withdrawing of ethnology from 
metaphysical influences, under which it has 
labored since it was made a scientific study, is 
SCIENCE. 
[Vou. ILL, No. 54. 
possible only when a sufficiently large material 
has been collected among the nations of the 
globe and the records of history to establish 
on it incontrovertibly general principles, which 
will be found to rest on natural science, and 
not on philosophic speculation. Some parts 
of the vast field of ethnology are still obscure 
as to their real significance, because the material 
to judge from is too scattering and scanty. 
Bastian’s most recent work contains a series 
of seven articles, mainly on Polynesian subjects, 
which uphold and illustrate his ideas concerning 
ethnology, as stated above, with a full array of 
the most erudite comparisons. The author’s 
extensive travels have furnished him with a 
stock of ethnographic facts which none has 
equalled in our century, and which he readily 
compares on almost every page with notices 
derived from the classic writers. Concerning 
the progress traceable on the social develop- 
ment of man, the writer shows, that, considered 
as an individual, the single man is of very small 
account in the primitive horde. The first stage 
is the tribe, based on consanguinity with ex- 
ogamic marriage. ‘This stage passes into that 
of civitas, or citizenship, whenever the country 
becomes agricultural. Social connection is no 
longer determined by family ties, but by the 
extent of the district, country, or commonwealth 
to which the individual belongs. When tribal 
organization becomes loose, then blood-revenge, 
and similar primeval customs, also disappear. 
The concise style of Bastian is not always what 
we should desire: at times it becomes rambling, 
a heavy phraseology obscures its lucidity, ana 
the pressure of thoughts cannot find words 
enough to give vent to their rapid flow. Such 
defects as these are more prejudicial to the 
literary success of Bastian’s numerous pub- 
lications than the typographic errors which the 
proof-reader has allowed to disfigure their 
texts, especially the classic quotations. 
STOKES’S SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. 
Mathematical and physical papers. By GrorGE 
GABRIEL Stokes, M.A., D.C. L., LIA Ds 
F. R.S., professor of mathematics in the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge. Reprinted from the 
original journals and transactions, with addi- 
tional notes by the author. Vol. ii. Cambridge, 
University press, 1883. 3866p. 8°. 
VoL. i. (828 pages) appeared in 1880, and 
contains the papers, arranged in chronological 
order, which were published by the author be- 
tween April, 1842, and December, 1847. The 
earliest date in vol. ii. is March, 1848, and 
ean 
