764 
form, is applicable to the Oeloe-Danan vol- 
cano, shown in true proportions in fig. 5 
(scale, 1: 20,000), or to Maniendjoe, and 
Fig. 5. 
probably to Krakatoa: the volcano in this 
stage is dormant for a longer or shorter period. 
A renewal of eruptive action would build a new 
cone within the circular walls remaining from 
Fie. 6. 
the old cone, like Vesuvius in Somma, or like 
the Vogelsang crater in the old Kaba cone, 
seen across the lower 
slope of the neighboring 
Tjoendoeng volcano in 
fig. 6: this has been 
three times repeated in 
Merapi, fig.2. Finally, 
fig. 7 represents the 
molten interior, neither 
thrown out nor drained 
away, but allowed to 
stand and cool slowly into a solid crystalline 
mass, revealed in part by subsequent erosion : 
such a volcano is definitely extinct. 
Long Is. 
Mr. Verbeek shows himself to be one of the 
not very numerous geological writers who ap- 
preciate the needs of their readers. His reports 
SCIENCE. 
Fig. 
[Vor. III, No. 72. 
open with brief abstracts of their results, from 
which these notes are in large part taken. On 
reading his abstracts, a general idea of the 
whole work is gained; then, by fol- 
lowing the well-prepared table of 
contents, any special topic is easily 
discovered for closer study. ‘The 
whole volume is very simply writ- 
ten, and well printed: it lacks only 
page-headings and index. The at- 
las sheets, on a scale of 1 :100,000, 
are prepared with satisfactory neat- 
ness; but their topography is not 
SO expressive as one might wish, 
nor are the profiles near enough 
a natural scale: but, apart from this, the work 
is most creditable to the Dutch colonial de- 
partment. . 
The preliminary report on the eruption of 
Krakatoa gives a brief account of the results 
of the author’s seventeen-days’ trip in the 
region of the disaster, combined with general 
records of other observers. Itis dated Buiten- 
zorg, Feb. 19, 1884. The knowledge of the 
island before the eruption is based on the 
English and Dutch surveys, whose outline- 
maps have of late been frequently reproduced, 
and on sketches by Buijsken in 1849, and the 
author in 1880 (fig. 8). The northern, low- 
est summit threw out pumice in 1680, and, 
after two centuries’ rest, began work again in 
May, 1883, continuing with irregular activity 
till Danan, the middle summit, joined it in the 
cn 
Rakata. 
Old lava. Vorlaten Ia. 
Danan. 
8. — KRAKATOA FROM THE NORTH. 
eo 
great explosions of August. ‘The original area 
was 3340 kilometres, of which 23 sank; leay- 
ing water 200 to 3800 metres deep, except 
where a single rock rises 5 metres above the 
sea-surface. The remaining 100 kilometres — 
the background of fig. 8 — grew to 153 by ad- 
dition of ashes on the south and south-west. 
In the same way, Long Island increased from 
2.9 to 3.2; and Verlaten (Deserted) Island, 
from 3.7 to 11.8 nm kilometres. All these 
accumulations were made of ashes and dust; 
for, although molten lava doubtless existed in 
the crater, there were no overflowing lava- 
streams. The greater share of the erupted 
material fell within 15 kilometres of the island, — 
