130 ule _ A Survey oF THE 
course, in the province of Kuwnaur, in latitude 31 3i , and longitude 78 1g 
being from east 25 S. to 25 to the N. of west. In this position, 
the Setlej is bounded both te the N. and S. by high and rugged 
snowy mountains, from which many torrents descend, and increase its 
bulk.—Leaving the left bank, and hed of the river, I ascended the snowy 
range, of which it washes the north base, and crossed over it on the 21st 
June 1816, at 40 minutes past 11 o’clock, in the forenoon, during a heavy 
fall of snow, being the first European who effected a passage over the 
grand Himdlaya ridge in that direction. 
On surmounting the crest of the pass, I found that the Indravatt 
river, which is a principal branch of the Paber, originated from the 
snows, on which I descended, on the S. W. or hither side of the ridges 
and 1 followed its channel, to the place where it joins the Paher, which rle 
yer must have its beginning, in like manner, on the,same side of the ridge, 
as I was informed by the people of the country it had; and .T am. nearly 
| certain itis the cases and it is most probable, thatvall the, streams whicl, 
form the Tonse, do, in like manner, descend from the south west side 
of the fronting snowy range, the north east base of which is washed 
by. the Setlej, as above mentioned. | 
However, I intend to explore the sources of the Tonse, as well as of 
the Setlej, and Ja@hnava rivers.—But to return to the Jumna. 
Tue route from its confluence with the Tonse, in the Difn, is thus;— 
to Calst four miles,—a large village immediately within the mountain of 
