13 



As a guide to the planters in setting the trees, rows should be 

 marked out on the ground. For narrow forest belts the rows may 

 run in only one direction, but for woodlots it is best to run two sets 

 of rows, at right angles to each other. 



On sites prepared by plowing, harrowing, and marking in two 

 directions the trees should be set at the intersection of the rows. 

 Planting crews should consist of from three to five men, one man 

 to distribute the trees, the others to plant them. In all cases, the 

 trees should be set a trifle deeper than they stood in the nursery row. 

 The roots should be straight and well spread out and the earth 

 thoroughly firmed about them. As a rule a crew of three men should 

 plant 3.000 trees per da}' . On loose, sand}^ soils, which need not be 

 prepared and marked out beforehand, it will be best to plant in rows 

 one way. This may be done by laying out the first row with guide 

 stakes and the others by the eye. In the sand hills the grasses occur 

 in bunches with numerous vacant spots between. The trees should be 

 planted in these open spaces. 



SPACING. 



Width of spacing will depend upon the purpose of the planting and 

 the species used. In forming windbreaks of a single row with such 

 trees as willow, Russian olive, or buffalo berry, a spacing of 2 to 3 

 feet may^ be used. With most other trees, both broadleaf and conif- 

 erous, 4 feet gives the best results. Where the windbreaks are 

 several rows in width, tt feet by 4 feet or 4 feet by 6 feet is best. In 

 woodlots an initial spacing of 4 feet by 8 feet or 6 feet by 6 feet is 

 recommended. In planting on the ''hard land" — that is, loams and 

 sandy loams— where for any reason irrigation is not possible, and 

 where on this account continuous cultivation is necessary, the initial 

 spacing should in no case be less than that for woodlots. For the 

 nontillable, sandy lands, a spacing of 4 feet by 4 feet is best. 



A spacing of 4 feet b}^ 4 feet requires 2,720 trees per acre; 4 feet 

 by S feet, 1,360; 6 feet by 6 feet, 1,210. 



In ornamental planting trees are often placed too close together. 

 The permanent trees should be placed seldom less than 30 feet apart, 

 while 40 feet, or even 50 feet, is often better. Shade trees must not 

 be crowded if they are to develop well-rounded, shapely forms. 



. MIXTURES. 



The best results in wide forest belts and in w^ood-lot planting are 

 secured when the trees are planted in pure stand. Where mixtures 

 are advisable they should consist of but two species. White elm and 

 green ash, for example, grow well together. Honey locust or hack- 



[Cir. 109] 



