14 
treated and untreated lots, and the yield of grain and straw was 
increased by the treatment. 
Hermanauz! experimented with copper sulphate on barley. He found 
that germination was retarded and to some degree destroyed by the 
treatment, and claims that all the plant’s organs are greatly weakened 
by the corrosive action of the fungicide. In the treated plants the 
leaves roll up badly and the root system is poorly developed. Thereis 
little or no starch present anywhere in the roots, and frequently an 
absence of root tips. He also claims that it is the sensitive growing 
tip of the radicle that is injured and not the dormant embryo. The 
effect of copper treatment may be neutralized, he says, by planting the 
seed in the ground, by treating it with lime, or by thoroughly washing 
it after soaking in the fungicide. The corrosive action of the copper 
sulphate, he states, is entirely upon the embryo and not upon the 
endosperm. 
A. A. Crozier” tested the germination of corn and wheat when soaked 
in a 0.5 per cent solution of copper sulphate, with the following results: 
‘Soaked 10 , _ |Soaked 5| , _ Soaked 24! é 
minutes. | Check. | hours. | Check. |" jours: | Check. 
| | | | | 
(COP Gee Soe ao PEER FO aA SCE oe SOMES SSS 92 G5 91 | 93>) 93 | 93 
3 
VW BYin oes oe cbosegonb occ sess asESooSeosoueedons | 80 85 | 48 | 85 | 
| | | 7 | 93 
©. E. Bessey’? for the prevention of smut in corn recommends soak- 
ing the seed for fifteen to twenty minutes in a solution of 1 pound per 
gallon, and to increase or diminish the time of soaking as the strength 
of the solution is increased or diminished. 
A. W. Pearson‘ soaked corn in strong bordeaux mixture for four 
hours before planting. The germination was to a great degree 
prevented. 
L. R. Jones® experimented with corn soaked in 0.5, 1, and 6.25 per 
cent solutions for twenty-four hours; in 6.25 per cent solution for ten 
hours, and in 6 and 12 per cent solutions for five, ten, fifteen, and 
sixty minutes. Only in the seed soaked for twenty-four hours was the 
germination materially injured. 
L. H. Pammel® conducted experiments in the soil with several mix- 
tures containing copper salts, and claims that corn grown in such soils 
was injuriously affected in its root systems; in some cases the totals of 
germination were considerably reduced. 
Pammel and Stewart’ conducted some experiments with bordeaux 
! Keimung des Gerstenkornes, Darmstadt, 1876. 
2 Jour. Mycol. Vol. Vieap.9: 
3Nebr. Sta. Bull., Vol. I, No. 11, p. 34. 
4Garden and Forest, 4, 1891, p. 498. 
5Vt. Sta. Rept., 1891, p. 138. 
6 Towa Sta. Bull. p. 321, No. 16. 
7Agr. Sei., 8, 1894, No. 5, p. 215. 
