53 
to remove the temptation to set a forest fire for the purpose of creating 
new range. 
It is essential that provision should be made for those cases in which 
an owner, in order to reach the tract allotted to him, must cross a tract 
allotted to another owner. After careful consideration, the simplest 
and most effective means of control appears to be to provide for a 
right of transit with a minimum rate of travel per day. This rate 
should be between 7 and 10 miles, perhaps the most suitable rate, all 
things considered, being 8 miles. At the same time, the owner whose 
tract is crossed should have received an original allotment sufficiently 
large to compensate him for the amount of feed that would be used by 
the one or more bands that have the right of transit. 
If provision is made by Congress for a forest-reserve service and an 
adequate system of administration, an adjustment of the officers can 
easily be made by which the proper carrying out of the proposed per- 
mit system may be assured, but it may not be amiss to point out that 
upon the integrity and ability of these officers rests in large measure 
the success of the system. 
FEES AND COST OF ADMINISTRATION. 
The Government will be subjected to some expense in the adminis- 
tration of the permit plan, and the cost of this administration should 
be borne by the sheep owners, to be paid in the form of a fee for the 
permit. 
ABSTRACT OF PROPOSED REGULATIONS. 
In order to sum up the conclusions of this investigation in a form 
showing concisely what action should be taken by the Interior Depart- 
ment to inaugurate a satisfactory system for the regulation of sheep 
grazing in the Cascade reserve, an abstract of the proposed plan is 
given below. It must not be forgotten that this report, both in the 
matter of the extent of damage done to the forests by sheep and in the 
system proposed for its regulation, applies only to sheep grazing in 
the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, and that very different findings of 
fact and propositions for regulation might have been submitted had 
the area in question been situated under different climatic conditions, 
or had it contained other types of soil or other kinds of forests, or had 
been subject to sheep grazing for a longer period, or had other equally 
important conditions affected the problem. 
The steps necessary to a solution of present difficulties by the Inte. 
rior Department are as follows, and these steps, in order to save and 
perpetuate the timber supply and the water supply of middle Oregon, 
should be taken at once: 
1. Exclude sheep from specified areas about Mount Hood and Crater 
Lake. 
2. Limit the sheep to be grazed in the reserve to a specified number 
based on the number customarily grazing there. 
