10 
sheep raising on the plains were enormously increased. For example, 
that portion of the plains extending from Antelope to Bakeoven, 
in Wasco County, which, under the old system, could carry only 6,000 
Sheep, now carries 25,000 sheep. 
SUMMER SHEEP GRAZING IN THE MOUNTAINS. 
Outside an unimportant amount of grazing carried on in the vicinity 
of The Dalles as much as thirty years ago, the mountains first resorted 
to for summer range were the Blue Mountains, which are situated in 
the northeastern portion of the State and east of the principal sheep- 
grazing area of the plains. First, beginning about twenty-five years 
ago, only the lower slopes of the mountains were used, but little by 
little the increasing need of additional summer range forced the sheep 
farther and farther into the mountains and finally to their very summits. 
The summer pasturage afforded by the Cascade Mountains to the 
west of the plains soon began to attract the attention of sheep owners. 
First the foothills, then the middle elevations, and finally the higher 
slopes were occupied, a condition which has existed since about 1886. 
“A similar occupation of Gearhart, Warner, and other mountains in 
southern Oregon, south of the plains, has taken place within the past 
few years. 
THE CASCADE RANGE FOREST RESERVE. 
In the session of the Oregon State legislature for 1888-89 Judge John 
B. Waldo, of Macleay, a member of the legislature, introduced a joint 
memorial asking the Congress of the United States to set aside as a 
public reserve a certain specified tract in the Cascade Mountains. This 
memorial passed the Oregon house of representatives, but failed in the 
senate. The matter subsequently came up in the form of a petition to 
the President, and by an executive proclamation under date of Sep- 
tember 28, 1893, the proposed lands were finally set aside as the Cascade . 
Range Forest Reserve. This reserve, which contains 4,492,800 acres, 
extends in a north and south direction almost across the State, embrac- 
ing the main ridge of the Cascades and a broad strip on either slope. 
It is about 235 miles long, with a width varying from 18 to 60 miles. 
From the time the Cascade reserve was created there was a differ- 
ence of opinion among the people of Oregon regarding the effect of 
sheep grazing within its limits, one party to the controversy maintain- 
ing that the sheep were a serious detriment to the interests for which 
the reserve was created, the other maintaining that they were not. 
The first official action taken by the Government was the issuing of 
regulations, under date of April 14, 1894, governing all the forest 
reserves, and, among other details, prohibiting the ‘driving, feeding, 
erazing, pasturing, or herding of cattle, sheep, or other live stock” 
within any of the reserves. 
The effect of these regulations in excluding sheep from their cus- 
tomary summer grazing lands in the Cascades gave rise to vigorous and 
