Table 5.— Area of spruce-fir types in the Lake States region, 

 bv stand class, 1950 



ALL SPRUCE— FIR TYPES 



Stand class 



Region 

 total 



Minnesota 



Wisconsin 



Michigan 



Saw timber 



Thousand 



acres 



670 



1.970 



3,680 



3,480 



Thousand 



acres 



270 



890 



1,720 



1,870 



Thousand 

 acres 

 70 

 310 



Thousand 

 acres 

 330 





770 





650 1-310 



Poorly stocked 



870 



740 







Total 



9,800 



4.750 



1,900 



3,150 







WHITE SPRUCE— BALSAM FIR 



Saw timber 



400 



870 



1,430 



800 



140 

 2S0 

 500 

 280 



50 

 190 

 320 

 240 



210 





400 





610 



Poorly stocked. „ 



280 



Total._ 



3,500 



1,200 



800 



1,500 



BLACK SPRUCE 





100 



500 



1,200 



1.300 



70 

 350 

 750 

 830 





30 





SO 

 ISO 

 300 



100 



Seedlings and saplings.. 



300 





170 







Total 



3.100 



2,000 



500 



600 



TAMARACK 





30 

 300 

 440 

 830 



20 

 150 

 270 

 560 





10 



Pole timber 



30 

 90 

 ISO 



120 



Seedlings and saplings 



80 



Poorly stocked. _ 



90 



Total._ .._ 



1,600 



1,000 



300 



300 



CEDAR 



Saw tim ber _ 



Pole timber 



140 

 300 

 610 

 550 



40 

 110 

 200 

 200 



20 

 40 

 90 

 150 



80 

 150 



Seedlings and saplings 



Poorly stocked 



320 

 200 



Total 



1.600 



550 



300 



750 



The oak-hickory tvpe in the southern part ol the 

 region inchides a wide range of sites and conditions. 

 Mixed red and white oaks on rolling loamy soils in 

 Wisconsin and Michigan inake up the best oak 

 forests. The scrub oak mixtures on sandy lands 

 and open-grown bur oak groves aroimd the prairie 

 margins are the poorest. The hickory component is 

 of little significance in this region. The type, as a 

 whole, has been so badly treated in logging, pastm- 

 ing, burning, and land clearing that most of it is 

 in very poor condition. Typically, it is made up of 



Table 6.— Area of hardwood types (except aspen) in the Lake 

 States rei^ion, by stand class. J 950 



ALL HARDWOODS 



Stand class 



Region 

 total 



Minnesota 



Wisconsin 



Michigan 



Saw timber... 



Pole timber 



Seedlings and saplings 



Thousand 

 acres 

 3,480 

 3,150 

 5,550 

 4,120 



Thousand 



acres 



490 



480 



820 



1.210 



Thousand 

 acres 

 1,300 

 1,310 

 2,200 

 1,340 



Thousand 



acres 



1,690 



1,360 



2,530 



Poorly stocked 



1,570 







TotaL_... 



16. 300 



3,000 



6,150 



7 ISO 







NORTHERN HARDWOOD 





2,200 

 1,700 

 4,000 

 1,500 



250 

 200 

 400 

 350 



570 



650 



1,500 



480 



1,380 



Pole timber 



850 



Seedlings and saplings _ 



Poorly stocked _ 



2,100 

 670 



TotaL_ 



9,400 



1,200 



3,200 



5,000 







OAK-HICKORY 



Saw timber. 



700 



90 



510 



100 



Pole timber 



800 



130 



420 



250 



Seedlings and saplings 



850 



170 



480 



200 



Poorly stocked 



1,550 



510 



440 



600 



Total 



3,900 



900 



1,850 



1,150 



ASH-ELM 



Saw tlmber.__ 



Pole timber 



Seedlings and saplings 



Poorly stocked 



580 



650 



700 



1,070 



ISO 

 ISO 

 2S0 

 350 



220 

 240 

 220 

 420 



210 

 260 

 230 

 300 



TotaL_ 



3,000 



900 



1,100 



1.000 







open stands ^vith inadequate understory of seedlings 

 and saplings (fig. 14). It w\\\ require intelligent 

 cultivation over an extended period to regain full 

 productivity. 



The ash-elm hard-\vood type covers 3 million 

 acres of stream bottoms, swamp borders, and poorly 

 drained uplands in various parts of the region. 

 The saw-timber stands consist for the most part of 

 laroe American elm, but include some oroves of 

 Cottonwood and some representation of black ash, 

 yellow birch, and basswood. The pole and sapling 

 stands commonly include also green ash, balm-of- 

 Gilead, red maple, silver maple, boxelder, black 

 willow, and butternut. The type has been seriously 

 deteriorated in many places by repeated culling; 

 that is, removal of more valuable trees while leaving 

 defective ones and those of inferior species in ]x)s- 

 sesion of the land (fig. 15). 



12 



FnrrsI Rrsniirrc Report \<>. I. I . S. Deparhiictil (>\ .igriniltiirc 



