29: 
The outside rows on the north and west sides are of pure Osage 
orange, to furnish a windbreak for the catalpa. For the south wood- 
lot the outside row on the south should be wholly Osage orange, for 
the same reason. In this case the west side is protected by the shelter- 
belt ; if it were not, the row on the west side should be Osage orange 
also. Russian mulberry may be substituted for the Osage orange, 
either wholly or partially, as the planter chooses. 
On upland situations the best trees for the woodlot are Russian 
mulberry, Osage orange, green ash, and black locust, with the same 
spacing as in the valleys. Little except variety is gained by mixing 
these species, and the matter may be left to the individual taste of the 
planter. Since after a few years there will be constant cutting in the 
woodlot, thus affording an opportunity for weeds and grass to get a 
foothold, cultivation should be kept up as long as possible. The trees 
will be thriftier as a result, and reproduction from the stump will be 
stronger. The 8-foot space between the rows allows easy cultivation, 
and access for a wagon where cuttings are made. Cutting should be 
selective instead of clean, the object being to improve the condition of 
the plantation as well as to secure posts and wood. It is better to cut 
a scrubby tree and let it sprout up again than to try to help it by 
removing its healthier neighbors. A number of sprouts will start 
from the stump the first season after cutting. At the beginning of 
the second season all but the strongest one should be cut off, leaving 
it to form the new tree. 
ROADSIDE PLANTING. 
Both plans call for trees 2 rods apart along the driveways and 
public road. These are a great improvement to the place, and are so 
few in number that they will make little extra expense or work. 
Whether the situation be valley or upland, the most suitable species 
are honey locust, white elm, and Austrian pine. These should not be 
mixed; a single row of trees appears better when it contains the 
same species throughout. A small area should be cultivated around 
each tree until it is thoroughly established. 
NOTES AND MEASUREMENTS. 
The material for the notes and measurements which follow was 
secured from typical examples of planted trees now growing in west- 
ern Kansas and adjoining territory. The figures, however, should be 
regarded as approximate and suggestive rather than as accurately 
indicating what may be expected in any given case. Conditions dif- 
fer so widely that it is impossible to lay down any fixed standard or 
average rate of growth. The same species, which in one place planted 
in a single row, reaches large diameters, forms in another a dense 
[Cir. 161.] 
