30 
plantation, with correspondingly small diameters for the same age. 
Cultivation likewise ranges from the best of care to total neglect. 
Nevertheless the best basis of classification is relative situation. In 
general, growth is more rapid in the valleys than on the uplands. 
This rule, it is true, is not without its exception. Good cultivation 
on the upland will often cause trees to grow as rapidly for a few 
years as those in the valleys which have received less care. Some 
kinds of trees also show very little increase in rate of growth in the 
more favorable situations, while others respond strongly. The red 
cedar measurements, for instance, are so nearly identical on upland 
and in the valleys that all are put in one table. On the other hand, 
the rate of growth of the upland Osage orange is but little more than 
60 per cent ai that in the valleys. 
Since the superiority of valley over upland situations omer in 
the better supply of water, upland plantations which are irrigated 
conform closely to the valley type. The measurements for each 
species are therefore arranged (except in the case of red cedar) under 
the two heads of “upland” and “ valley or watered.” In selecting 
trees for measurement, examples have been sought which grew under 
something like average conditions of care and density, thus avoiding 
cases of exceptionally rapid or slow growth due to special circum- 
stances. 
The age of a tree in the natural forest can be determined by cut- 
ting it down and counting its annual rings. This liberty can seldom 
be taken with trees planted in yards, hedges, and shelterbelts. The 
owner’s recollection of the date of planting is generally the sole 
source of information available. This is frequently inaccurate, and 
the investigator must make allowance accordingly. 
In the tables, the place where the measurements were made, or the 
nearest town, if in the country, is given in each case. The height, 
diameter breasthigh, and time required to grow 1 inch in diameter 
are obtained by averaging together trees of the same age and grow- 
ing under similar conditions. For example, the first entry under 
honey locust is Smith Center, Kans. The trees selected for measure- 
ment there were all planted at the same time, in the court-house 
yard, and had made about even growth. 
HONEY LOCUST. 
The honey locust, which grows naturally in the valleys of eastern 
Kansas and Nebraska, has proved to be one of the hardiest trees for 
planting on the uplands in the western part of both States, even where 
the precipitation is not more than half that of its native habitat. It 
is equaled in drought-resisting power by the Russian mulberry and 
[Cir. 161.] 
