30 
Some measurements in upland situations are given, though it must 
be remembered that the hedge system is not very conducive to good 
growth. 
Growth of upland Osage orange. 
F | Timere- | 5- i 
} ag . i} t 
| eer eco | Ses 
Place. How standing.| Age. | 777.79 lgrow Linch a 
height. breast- lari diameter| ™e€as- 
high. /preasthigh.| Ured- 
Years. Feet. | Inches. Years. 
IBUTGCELE IRAN os oe eesee ccs wise GONG asssane 10 12 | 2.83 4.3 25 
aC nOSSe KAN Sa ote ere ee OKO Bea Be 11 12 2.0 Sap 20 
ET aS se Kea Sie en ke Sis cle =o ROWeteee cence 15 16 | 4.7 322 15 
IRISSClike on Spaseee aaa os ee ts Goya. 5-2 =: 19 14 | 2.4 7.9 30 
1DYO) eis Se Cee BO eel eee OO ees ae 19 15) | 3.4 5.6 25 
IDYO A Se Sas Co ES ar eae CON SES ee ees 20 15 3.6 5.6 40 
IDO: 2 Bic ea ee Sa Se Se eee eae GO mss eee 26 20 4.8 | 5.4 71 
AT eae ee te Se LS ORs =. Ss. 27 12 Deal: 12.9 100 
EFOISIN SFON Man Sines sca = =. cs ceea|s—n GO3= e252: 27 18 3.7 7.3 | 30 
RUSSIAN MULBERRY. 
This hardy variety of the white mulberry was brought into the 
Western States by the Russian Mennonites nearly thirty years ago. 
It is one of the hardiest trees planted on the Plains, and serves a num- 
ber of useful purposes. Mulberry hedges and shelterbelts are com- 
mon, and the fruit is often gathered for domestic use. The wood is 
said to make as durable posts as that of the native red mulberry. 
The Russian mulberry grows quite rapidly, and endures almost any 
amount of drought and neglect. The leading shoots frequently win- 
terkill for a foot or two, however, and this increases still more the 
natural tendency toward low, bushy growth. It branches diffusely 
near the ground, and only severe pruning can make it develop a_ 
respectable trunk. 
The Russian mulberry is well suited to form a low, dense wind- 
break around an orchard, and when so used the birds are likely to 
take its berries instead of the more valuable orchard fruit. It makes 
an excellent sheared hedge, some handsome examples of which are 
found in western Kansas. In the court-house yard at Phillipsburg 
are mulberries planted for both ornament and shelter. The trees 
were set approximately 10 by 10 in 1883 and cultivated about fifteen 
years, but stand in a dense sod at present. They average 15 feet in 
height and 4.5 inches in diameter in the better part of the yard, where 
there is a very slight depression. 
The court-house yard at Ashland is surrounded by a thickly set 
row of mulberry put out for shelter in 1893. After seven years the 
trees were pruned into the form shown in figure 4. When 10 years 
old all the trees in the row—200 in number, extending for 20 rods— 
were measured and found to average 3 inches in diameter and 20 
Ler 16k] 
