15 
himself and his horses in regions remote from settlements and sup- 
plies. He must be able to build trails and cabins, shoot, ride, pack, 
and deal tactfully with all classes of people. He must know some- 
thing of land surveying, estimating and scaling timber, logging, land 
laws, mining, and the live-stock business. 
The examination of applicants is along the practical lines indicated 
above, and they are required to show that they can do these things by 
actually doing them. Where boats, saddle horses, or pack horses are 
necessary in the performance of their duty, rangers are required to 
own and maintain them. Rangers execute the work of the National 
Forests under the direction of the supervisor. Their duties include 
patrol to prevent fire and trespassing; estimating, surveying, and 
marking timber; the supervision of cuttings, and other similar work. 
They issue minor permits, build cabins and trails, enforce grazing 
restrictions, investigate claims, report on applications, and arrest for 
violation of Forest laws and regulations. In the absence of the super- 
visor, charge of the Forest falls on one of the rangers or assistants. 
Deputy rangers and assistant rangers have charge of definite dis- 
tricts, to which they are assigned by the supervisor. They supervise 
forest guards stationed within their districts, and may also be given 
temporary laborers when necessary. 
In addition to the permanent classified force upon the Forests, 
forest guards receiving from $60 to $75 per month are employed to fill 
vacancies for which the eligible list is inadequate or to supply addi- 
tional men for patrol and protective work for not over six months at 
atime. Forest guards have the powers and duties of assistant forest 
rangers. 
OFFICE OF ENGINEERING. 
Many roads, trails, telephone lines, cabins, bridges, fences, fire lines, 
and other improvements of a permanent nature are necessary in order 
to give the National Forests better protection and to facilitate Forest 
work. For making these improvements Congress at its last session 
granted the Forest Service a fund of $500,000, which will be used 
during the next year entirely for this purpose. 
The office of engineering has charge of these improvements and also 
has general supervision of all engineering work, or work of a perma- 
nent nature, constructed by individuals or corporations on the differ- 
ent National Forests. Under this head are the large power plants 
being erected in the western country, among them some with a devel- 
opment of more than 50,000 horsepower. Canals, pipe lines, flumes, 
reservoirs, dams, etc., are among the other classes of work that will 
be taken care of by the office. This general supervision is being 
undertaken not only to protect the interests of the Forest Service, but 
[Cir. 36] 
