20 THE FORESTS OF THE UNITED STATES: THEIR USE. 
to harvest them, forgets these things: That second growth grows 
much faster than first growth, and that cut-over lands suitable only 
for forest purposes, which bear young growth, already have a good 
market value, while cut-over lands bearing neither timber nor young 
growth have little or no value. 
Saving immature trees—Poor grades of lumber come chiefly from 
small trees. As the tree gets larger the proportion of choice grades 
increases. A good many lumbermen are now cutting small trees at 
a profit, which, figured against what they would make from the same 
trees in ten or twenty years, means not profit, but loss. Some lumber- 
men are cutting small trees at a direct loss. There is no more fruitful 
investigation for any lumberman than to figure from the cut of his 
own mill the volume and grades of lumber sawed from trees of differ- 
ent sizes. 
The full use of standing tumber.—The failure to cut fire-killed or 
otherwise damaged timber, to log inferior kinds along with the most 
valuable kinds, and the leaving of isolated patches which are hard 
to reach means an average loss to the owner of 1,000,000 to every 
10,000,000 feet logged and often much more. It also means much 
greater danger from fire and insects and a second growth poor in 
kind and quality. 
Clean work in the woods.—Waste in the woods comes in part from 
leaving trees, which, though partly unsound or otherwise defective, 
are still Sachawalle It comes in part from high stumps, from trees 
broken in falling and from lodged trees, from leaving timber in the 
tops, and from failure to cut logs into lengths so as to provide for the 
fullest possible use of each tree. It comes in part from leaving in 
the woods skid poles, ties, camp logs, and other timber used in tem- 
porary construction, instead of saving it for pulp, for lumber, or for 
use again. epee after deep snow scattered logs are often left 
lying in the woods, or even piled on the rollways. In the construc- 
tion of logging roads and temporary building much waste occurs in 
the unnecessary use of timber of valuable kinds. 
There are very few lumbermen in the United States who are not 
guilty of this waste in one or more forms. The remedy requires no 
detailed plan. It calls for thorough supervision, for the habit of 
thrift on the part of the operator, and the enforcement of thrift 
among his men. A logger who wastes timber in the woods for his 
employer should be sent out from them just as quickly as a wasteful 
edgerman or grader is sent out of the mill. 
Economy in transportation.—In railroad logging unnecessary loss 
occurs in the failure to pick up logs fallen from cars or scattered by 
wrecks. 
[Cir. 171] 
