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  tendency 
  to 
  renew 
  themselves 
  by 
  sprouts 
  from 
  the 
  roots 
  or 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  the 
  tree. 
  

  

  Doctor 
  Hopkins, 
  who, 
  between 
  1890 
  and 
  1900, 
  made 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  

   insects 
  injurious 
  to 
  the 
  locust 
  in 
  West 
  Virginia, 
  is 
  authority 
  for 
  the 
  

   following 
  statement 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  the 
  locust 
  leaf-mining 
  

   beetle 
  in 
  West 
  Virginia 
  : 
  

  

  In 
  1890 
  and 
  1891 
  the 
  locust 
  trees 
  in 
  Monongalia, 
  Marion, 
  Harrison, 
  and 
  Lewis 
  counties, 
  

   W. 
  Va., 
  were 
  severely 
  damaged 
  by 
  the 
  locust 
  leaf-mining 
  beetle 
  (Odontota 
  dorsalis). 
  In 
  

   1891 
  and 
  1892 
  a 
  large 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  died. 
  In 
  some 
  localities 
  practically 
  all 
  of 
  

   the 
  medium 
  and 
  large 
  trees 
  were 
  killed. 
  In 
  1892 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  so 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  counties 
  men- 
  

   tioned, 
  but 
  the 
  trouble 
  seemed 
  to 
  extend 
  from 
  this 
  central 
  area 
  of 
  infestation 
  to 
  adjoining 
  

   counties 
  and 
  other 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  State. 
  Between 
  1892 
  and 
  1895 
  the 
  beetle 
  and 
  its 
  work 
  

   were 
  noticeably 
  less 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  State, 
  but 
  from 
  1896 
  to 
  1898 
  it 
  reappeared 
  in 
  great 
  num- 
  

   bers 
  and 
  caused 
  serious 
  damage 
  to 
  the 
  remaining 
  locust 
  in 
  the 
  counties 
  mentioned, 
  and, 
  as 
  

   before, 
  extended 
  its 
  ravages 
  to 
  other 
  sections, 
  including 
  those 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  exempt. 
  

  

  The 
  range 
  of 
  severe 
  injury 
  observed 
  in 
  1905, 
  during 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  

   possibilities 
  of 
  forest 
  planting 
  in 
  this 
  region, 
  is 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  Pennsylvania: 
  Westmoreland 
  County, 
  west 
  of 
  Chestnut 
  Ridge; 
  

   Fayette 
  County, 
  west 
  of 
  Chestnut 
  Ridge, 
  and 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  ridge; 
  Alle- 
  

   gheny 
  County 
  between 
  the 
  Allegheny 
  and 
  Monongahela 
  rivers, 
  and 
  

   other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  in 
  varying 
  degrees 
  of 
  severity. 
  Washington 
  

   County 
  along 
  the 
  Monongahela 
  River, 
  with 
  local 
  spots 
  of 
  severe 
  injury 
  

   and 
  of 
  slight 
  damage 
  throughout 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  ; 
  Greene 
  

   County 
  along 
  the 
  Monongahela 
  River, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  local 
  spots 
  of 
  severe 
  

   injury 
  in 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  county. 
  

  

  West 
  Virginia: 
  The 
  Panhandle, 
  especially 
  along 
  the 
  Ohio 
  River; 
  

   Monongalia 
  County; 
  Marion 
  County; 
  Preston 
  County, 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  

   mountains; 
  Harrison 
  County; 
  Taylor 
  County. 
  

  

  Observations 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  have 
  shown 
  conclusively 
  that 
  young 
  

   natural 
  stands 
  and 
  forest 
  plantations 
  of 
  locust 
  started 
  under 
  such 
  

   adverse 
  conditions 
  may 
  survive 
  the 
  attack 
  for 
  several 
  years, 
  but 
  will 
  

   not 
  reach 
  a 
  merchantable 
  size. 
  Therefore 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  fully 
  under- 
  

   stood 
  that 
  within 
  the 
  counties 
  where 
  this 
  exceptional 
  injury 
  occurs 
  

   locust 
  plantations 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  made, 
  since 
  failure 
  is 
  certain. 
  

  

  The 
  locust 
  borer. 
  — 
  Injury 
  by 
  this 
  insect 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  so 
  widespread 
  

   as 
  that 
  by 
  the 
  leaf-mining 
  beetle. 
  Where 
  it 
  is 
  numerous, 
  however, 
  

   its 
  effect 
  is 
  so 
  severe 
  that 
  it 
  becomes 
  of 
  great 
  importance 
  locally. 
  

   The 
  work 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  very 
  characteristic 
  and 
  readily 
  recognized. 
  

   The 
  stems 
  and 
  larger 
  branches 
  of 
  saplings 
  and 
  older 
  trees 
  were 
  found 
  

   to 
  indicate 
  injury 
  by 
  the 
  locust 
  borer 
  early 
  in 
  July 
  by 
  sawdust 
  in 
  the 
  

   crevices 
  of 
  the 
  bark 
  and 
  around 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  stem. 
  On 
  splitting 
  

   the 
  wood, 
  mines 
  were 
  found 
  extending 
  in 
  all 
  directions 
  through 
  the 
  sap- 
  

   wood 
  and 
  heart 
  wood. 
  Vigorous 
  boring 
  at 
  one 
  point 
  on 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  a 
  

   young 
  tree 
  results 
  in 
  weakening 
  it 
  so 
  much 
  that 
  the 
  wind 
  can 
  readily 
  

   break 
  it 
  off. 
  Older 
  trees 
  frequently 
  lose 
  large 
  branches 
  or 
  the 
  upper 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  stem. 
  When 
  very 
  numerous 
  the 
  borers 
  will 
  kill 
  the 
  trees 
  

  

  