14 CONSERVATIVE LUMBERING AT SEWANEE, TENN. 



which streams flow have a line of Black Willow along their banks, a 

 line of Sourwood sprouts behind, and a scattering' growth of Black 

 Gum and Red Maple. In the drier bottoms Black Willow and Red 

 Maple are absent; White Oak reaches a good size, and Tulip-tree and 

 Scarlet Oak occur occasionally. 



COVE TYPES. 



In the cove forest, where there has been little interference with 

 forest conditions, the types may be readily distinguished. They are 

 Lower Slope, Northei'ly Slope, and Southerly Slope. (PI. IV.) 



LOWER SLOPE. 



The forest for about 250 feet up from the bottom of the coves is 

 classed as Lower Slope type. This type, in the University's holdings 

 at Sewanee, is confined to Hawkins Cove. The soil is a fresh clay of 

 slight depth, rich, with much limestone outcrop and a few loose 

 bowlders. The sun reaches Lower Slope for on\j a short time during 

 the day, and the species that grow in this type of forest are those that 

 require little light. 



Trees that occur on Lower Slope and nowhere else at Sewanee are 

 Cow Oak, Swamp White Oak. and Papaw, with Red Juniper in almost 

 pure stands along the flats. Next to the creek, at the bottom of the 

 slopes, a few large Cow Oaks and Swamp White Oaks grow, but 

 there is no reproduction of these species. Scattered Papaws up to 6 

 inches in diameter grow at the bottom of the slopes on the steepest 

 places, with small thickets of seedlings beneath. On the upper edge 

 of Lower Slope grows Yellow Buckeye of good size, in mixture with 

 scattered Scarlet Oak, Black Gum, Yellow Oak, Pignut, White Oak, 

 Black Walnut, Sugar Maple, and Locust. The oaks are neither so 

 numerous nor so large as those which occur farther up the slope. 



NORTHERLY SLOPE. 



That part of the coves above Lower Slope has been classed as North- 

 erly Slope and Southerly Slope, according to aspect. The soil of 

 Northerly Slope is a mixture of sand and cla} T of good depth and 

 quality, and is covered with a deep humus. It supports a dense 

 growth of most of the species of Lower Slope. The trees are tall, 

 with long, clear trunks. Pignut, Shagbark, and White Oak predom- 

 inate. 



Black Walnut, Black Cherry, W hite Elm, White Ash, White Bass- 

 wood, Cucumber-tree, Umbrella-tree, Red Oak, and Tulip-tree are con- 

 fined to Northerl} T Slope almost exclusively, where they are splendid 

 trees. With the exception of White Elm, all these species are light- 

 demanding, and not many seedlings of their own kinds have started 

 beneath them. 



