REASONS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TREES. 11 



Yellow Buckeye, Redbud, Blue Dogwood, [Flowering] Dogwood. 



Sugar Maple, Sassafras, Red Oak, Shagbark, White Oak, Post Oak. 



Scarlet Oak, Red Juniper, Sweetleaf, Persimmon, Yellow-wood. 



Pignut, Yellow Oak, Dwarf Sumach, Black Gum. 



Locust, Mountain Laurel, Scarlet Haw. 



Wing Elm, Cork Elm. 



Chestnut Oak, Chinquapin Oak, Black Jack, Sourwood. 



Chestnut. 



INFLUENCE OF SHADE. 



"When the soil is both fertile and moist the conditions are favorable 

 for all species and all struggle for a place in the ground. The factor 

 which decides the issue of the contest is the tolerance — that is, the 

 shade-enduring capacity of the competitors. The following table gives 

 the Sewanee trees in the order of their tolerance: 



Sugar Maple, Blue Dogwood, [Flowering] Dogwood. 



Hornbeam, Papaw T , Fringetree, Yellow-wood. 



Red Maple, Yellow Oak, Pignut, Black Gum, Serviceberry, Beech. 



Black Willow, Butternut, Shagbark, Black Walnut, Red Juniper, Redbud. 



Witch Hazel, Poison Sumach, Chinquapin Oak, Chestnut Oak, White Oak, 



Post Oak. 

 White Ash, White Basswood, Slippery Elm, Umbrella-tree. 

 Sweet Gum, Sycamore, Swamp White Oak. 



Persimmon, Mountain Laurel, Black Jack, Scarlet Oak, Red Oak. 

 Scarlet Haw, Locust, Sweetleaf, Cow Oak, Cork Elm, Wing Elm. 

 Yellow Buckeye, Black Cherry, Cucumber-tree, Sassafras. 

 Chestnut, White Elm, Bitternut, Dwarf Sumach, Sourwood, Ailanthus. 

 Tulip-tree. 



OTHER CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT DISTRIBUTION. 



While soil, soil moisture, and shade determine in a general way 

 where species grow at Sewanee, their effect is modified by the rate of 

 growth of the species, their seeding qualities, and their ability to 

 reproduce themselves by sprouts. Furthermore, cutting, grazing, and 

 burning have changed entirely the character of much of the forest. 

 Tulip-tree, White Basswood, Cucumber-tree, and White Elm grow so 

 fast that a slight start enables them to hold their own. Tulip-tree, the 

 oaks, the walnuts, and Chestnut produce abundant seed, and the seed 

 of Tulip-tree, being winged, is scattered widely, enabling it to fill open- 

 ings in the forest. These advantages for reproduction are, however, 

 limited by the fact that onty a low percentage of Tulip-tree seed will 

 germinate, and that walnuts, chestnuts, and the sweet acorns are the 

 favorite food of squirrels and hogs. 



Grazing, burning, and careless cutting have wrought great mischief 

 in the plateau forest, intensified by the fact that the valuable trees are 

 those which suffer most. Cattle show a preference for the leaves of 

 Tulip-tree, White Oak, Chestnut Oak, and Chestnut; hogs prefer the 

 acorns from the more valuable oaks, because this fruit is the sweetest, 



