APPENDIX 



55 



Tops and limbs. — Upper stems and limbs of hard- 

 wood sawlog trees between the top sawlog and a mini- 

 mum diameter of 4 inches inside bark. 



Stand-Size Class 



Large saw timber. — Stands having a net volume 

 of at least 1,500 board feet per acre in sawlog trees and 

 at least half of this volume in softwoods 15.0 inches 

 d. b. h. and larger and in hardwoods 17.0 inches d. b. h. 

 and larger. 



Small sav\^ timber. — Stands which do not meet the 

 specifications for large saw timber but which do con- 

 tain a net volume of at least 1,500 board feet per acre 

 in sawlog trees. 



CoRDWooD. — Stands below saw-timber specifica- 

 tions, but with at least 10 percent of the growing space 

 occupied by growing stock, and at least 5 percent of 

 the growing space occupied by cordwood trees. 



Seedling and sapling. — Stands which do not meet 

 saw-timber and cordwood specifications, but in which 

 at least 40 percent of the growing space is occupied 

 by growing stock and smaller sound trees of commer- 

 cial species, and less than 10 percent of the space is 

 occupied by growing stock alone. 



Restocking and denuded. — Commercial forest 

 land which does not qualify for any other stand-size 

 class. 



Tree Stocking 



Degree of stocking is determined by the ratio of 

 the actual number of growing-stock and smaller sound 

 trees of good form in the stand to the number of 

 trees of the same size required to occupy the site fully 

 for best growth. Under this criterion, stands are well 

 stocked when the percentage of full stocking is 70 or 

 above, medium stocked when the percentage is 40 to 

 69, poorly stocked when the percentage is 10 to 39, 

 and nonstocked when the percentage is under 10. 



Volume and Basal Area 



Sawlog volume. — Net volume in merchantable 

 sawlogs in sawlog trees, measured by the International 

 54 -inch log rule. 



Total volume. — Volume of sound, usable wood in 

 stems of softwoods and stems and branches of hard- 

 woods between stump and minimum top diameter of 

 4 inches inside bark, measured in cubic feet. 



Basal area. — Cross-sectional area of trees at breast 

 height, measured in square feet. 



Diameter 



D. B. H. (diameter breast high) . — Tree diameter 

 in inches, outside bark, measured at 4/2 feet above 

 ground. 



Diameter class. — Each 2-inch diameter class in- 

 cludes diameters 1.0 inch below and 0.9 inch above 

 the stated midpoint. E. g., the 12-inch class includes 

 trees from 11.0 through 12.9 inches. 



Growth 



Current annual net growth. — The change dur- 

 ing the inventory year in net volume of the primary 

 growing stock on commercial forest land resulting 

 from natural causes, exclusive of catastrophic losses. 



Drain 



Net volurrje removed from timber growing stock 

 through cutting of timber commodities and attendant 

 logging waste, and through land clearing. 



Tree Grades for Softwoods 



Grade 1 (smooth trees). — Not less than 20 feet 

 of clear bole and at least 40 percent of the merchant- 

 able length clear of limbs and knots in sections not 

 less than 8 feet in length. 



Grade 2 (limby trees). — Not less than 12 feet of 

 clear bole and 25 to 39 percent of the merchantable 

 length clear of limbs and knots in sections not less than 

 8 feet in length. 



Grade 3 (rough trees). — Merchantable trees be- 

 low grade-2 specifications. 



Log Grades for Hardwoods -^^ 



Grade 1. — Logs having % or more of their length 

 on the 3 best faces in clear-cuttings not less than 3 

 feet long; they yield at least 65 percent of their volume 

 in No. 1 Common and better grades of lumber. 



Grade 2. — Logs having % to 5/^ of their length on 

 the 3 best faces in clear-cuttings not less than 3 feet 

 long; they yield at least 40 percent of their volume 

 in No. 1 Common and better grades of lumber. 



Grade 3a. — Logs below grade 2, having 5/2 or more 

 of their length on the 3 best faces in clear-cuttings 

 not less than 2 feet long; they yield at least 13 percent 

 of their volume in No. 1 Common and better grades of 

 lumber. 



Grade 3b. — Logs which do not meet the clear-cut- 

 ting requirements of 3A or higher grades, but which 



" For detailed external specifications of log grades used, see 



INTERIM SAWLOG GRADES FOR SOUTHERN HARDWOODS. 



South. Forest Expt. Sta. 9 pp., illus. [Processed.] Rev. 1948. 



