17 



of sprouting from the larger oak stumps, over 12 inches in diameter, 

 were noted. From the smaller stumps the sprouting was fairly 

 vigorous and abundant, but much less than in the case of chestnut. 

 Of the various oak species, black, scarlet, and red oak are able to 

 sprout vigorously from larger stumps than either white or post^oak. 

 Therefore, after a cutting of virgin forest composed of large trees, 

 many of the white oak stumps fail to send out sprouts, and for this 

 reason are largely replaced in second growth b}^ black oak, which, 

 besides coppicing from larger stumps, does well on poor soils. 



Table 6, based on measurements of 1,342 white oak and 1,30G black 

 oak sprouts and of their mother stumps, proves black oak has greater 

 sprouting capacity from large stumps than white oak has. 



Tai;le (3.- 



Sprouting vigor of hlack oak and ichitc oak from stumps of different 

 diameters. 



Diameter 



of mother 



stumps. 



Heigtit of dominant shoot one year old. 



Slope. 



Ridge. 



White 

 oak. 



Black 

 oak. 



White 

 oak. 



Black 

 oak. 



Inches. 



1-3 



4-6 



7-9 



10-12 



13-15 



16-18 



Feet. 

 2.25 

 2.27 

 2.. 34 

 2.32 

 2.30 



Fed. 

 2.48 

 2.51 

 2.58 

 2. 75 

 2.93 

 2.75 



Feel. 

 2. 10 

 2.58 

 2. 85 

 2.72 

 2,32 



Feet. 

 2.38 

 2.61 

 2.88 

 3.00 

 2 82 

 2.40 









The most vigorous sprouts are produced in white oak from stumps 

 from 7 to 9 inches in diameter, or at the age of from 35 to 45 years. 

 In black oak the abilit}^ to put forth vigorous sprouts extends to 

 larger stumps of greater age, reaching its maximum, on the slope, in 

 stumps between 13 and 15 inches in diameter, or at the age of from 

 60 to 80 years. On the ridge it reaches; its maximum in stumps 

 between 10 and 12 inches, or at the age of from 45 to 55 years. 



INFLUENCE OF TIME OF CUTTING UPON SPROUTS. . 



The time of the 3^ear at wdiich trees are cut often exercises'a marked 

 effect upon the coppice growth. Late spring and summer cuttings 

 are usually marked by less and feebler sprouting than spring and 

 Avinter cuttings. The vigorous sjDrouts that may come np from 

 stumps cut in June, July, or x\ugust are frequently killed by early 

 fall frosts; in the short grov,^ing season then remaining they can not 

 become entirely woody, and the winter finds them, therefore, green 

 and tender. Extensive measurements on sprouts from stumps cut at 

 different seasons of the year invariably show^ poorer results from 

 cutting in summer than in winter, and that trees cut in summer 

 failed, in many cases, to produce sprouts. 



[Cir. 118.] 



