13 



It must be borne in mind, however, that j^ellow pophir and white 

 pine are much better adapted, b}- their abundant seed production and 

 wide dissemination, to this sj'Stem of logging than are an}^ of the 

 other species, and that much better results can be secured with them 

 than with the heavy seeded oaks and chestnut. In an}^ event, a good 

 deal of oak and chestnut coppice will spring up after logging and 

 enter into the second growth. A great many hemlock seedlings will 

 also work their wa}^ into the new stand. With their slow groAvth, 

 however, the}^ will not interfere with the more rapidl}^ growing- 

 pine and hardwoods. As the new stand matures, the tolerant, dense- 

 crowned hemlock, coming up under the other species, will form a 

 valuable element of the forest, forcing the height growth and stimu- 

 lating the natural pruning of the more valuable timbers. 



(3) Worthless trees, such as beech, magnolia, and red maple, 

 which in some localities can not be logged at all, should be deadened 

 by girdling at the time of, or soon after, logging, in order^to further 

 open up the ground and favor the reproduction of the desired species. 



(Jr) The slash left in logging shoidcl be throv\'n together in piles 

 Avell away from the remaining trees and burned as soon as the woods 

 are in condition to favor control of the fire. By clearing the ground 

 of debris this measure will help to protect the young growth from 

 fires, and by destroying the leaf litter and exposing the mineral 

 soil it will greatly assist the germination of poplar and white pine 

 seeds. 



(5) If the virgin stand before logging contained an advanced 

 young growth, and the last cutting of the most valuable species 

 has been made to a diameter of 18 or 20 inches on the stump, and if 

 it is intended to cut to the same diameter limit in the future, the 

 cove and lower slope land may be cut every twenty-five or thirt}^ 

 years Avithout deterioration of the stand. If the forest has been 

 repeatedl}' and severely culled, or the virgin stand consisted of only 

 mature timber, it may be from forty to seventy years before a second 

 cut can be made. During the intervening period little need be 

 done for these lands except to protect them from fire. It would be 

 advisable to go over the second-growth cove stands and girdle the 

 beech, maple, magnolia, and worthless species which are interfering 

 with the vigorous development of the new stand. The scraggy oak 

 and chestnut which were left by the loggers should also be girdled. 



(G) All the trees above the cutting limit which are to be left to 

 furnish seed should be plainly marked in advance of logging. Strict 

 care should be taken in felling to drop the timber away from the 

 marked trees and from all promising young growth of valuable 

 species and to throw the brush away from such trees in. lopping 



and trimminp-. ^■ 



to ^ 



[Cir. lis.] 



