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require little or no pruning. The evergreens should be allowed to 

 retain their lower branches, since they increase the efficiency of the 

 break. When the lower branches begin to suffer from crowding, 

 enough trees should be removed to permit complete development of 

 the remaining ones. 



A number of successful windbreak plantings in different parts of 

 the State are mentioned here to show that success has been attained in 

 parts of the State which vary widely in soil, moisture, and situation: 



On the farm of F. F. Bakken, 5 miles west of Decorah, Winneshiek 

 County, is an excellent grove of white pine 25 years old. The soil is a 

 sandy loam, well suited to this pine. The trees are from 30 to 34 feet 

 hign and from 4 to 12 inches in diameter. 



On the farm of W. Herring, Lincoln Township, Dallas County, there 

 is a good windbreak of red cedar. The trees are 9 years old, and 

 from 12 to 16 feet high and from 1 to 3 inches in diameter. Although 

 the trees are making rapid growth on the rich black loam of this sec- 

 tion, they are badly infested with cedar apple fungus. 



On rich prairie loam on the farm of W. A. Wilson, 5 miles northwest 

 of Ainsworth, in Washington County, there are several rows of white 

 pine which have made excellent growth. The trees are 35 years old, 

 and range from 60 to 70 feet in height and from 9 to 16 inches in 

 diameter. 



The Amana colony, in Iowa County, has several large groves of 

 white pine and other pines which have proved veiy successful. The 

 soil of this region is usually a rich sandy loam. 



Four miles east of Dougherty, Floyd County, on the farm of Henry 

 Schafer, there is a windbreak of Scotch pine 10 years old, which has 

 so far been very successful. Millet has been gro^^m between the 

 rows to keep weeds down. 



On the C. E. Whiting estate, 24- miles north of Whiting, Monona 

 County, is an excellent example of a black walnut windbreak. 



TREE PLANTING FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. 



The rich prairie soil of Iowa is so valuable for the production of 

 grain and stock that it wall not pay to plant large areas for com- 

 mercial purposes. Forestry in the State will always be a matter of 

 farm groves or native woodlots. It is probable that in the future, 

 as frequently in the past, a large proportion of the grove plantings 

 will be for the combined purposes of protection and the production 

 of fuel, fence posts, repair material, and shade for stock. Hence, 

 species should be selected which will most nearly meet these com- 

 bined requirements. 



Location. — Usually those portions of the farm unsuited for other 

 agricultural purposes have been utilized for tree growing, and this is 



[Cir. 154] 



