IXSECT ENEMIES OF THE REDWOOD. 



35 



Evidence was found at Guerneville. in the vacant brood galleries 

 in bark that had been infested the previonr summer, that many of the 

 broods had been destroyed by minute wasp-like parasites and preda- 

 ceous enemies. It is probable that the natural enemies of other species 

 of the same genus will attack it. especially those of the Lawson's 

 Cypress bark-beetle. 



Laavsox's Cypress Bark-Beetle. 



^ Phkros-'inus c'/v/r.v.v/ Hopk. ]MSS. 



This is the other species found by the writer in Redwood at Guerne- 

 ville, Cal. It was also found, about the same time, in a recently dead 

 Monterey C^'press.in Golden Gate Park, and in a small, dying Japanese 

 Cypress^' in the University grounds at Berkeley. 



The general character of this beetle (fig. 2) and of its work is similar 

 to that of the preceding beetle, 

 except that it is a smaller, less 

 shining insect, and that the larvae 

 do not enter the surface of the 

 wood to change to the adult, but 

 undergo their transformation in 

 thoir burrows in the inner bark. 



The adult's habit of attacking 

 and killing trees and of feeding 

 on the bark of living twigs is a 

 characteristic which has not been 

 observed in any other species of 



the genus. Recently an article relating to this insect was published 

 by Mr. Carroll Fowler.* under the above common name and the tech- 

 nical name PMoeosinus jmnctati'-s LeC Mr. Fowler's account of this 

 beetle and its destructive work is as follows: 



During the past year our attention has been repeatedly brought to the sickly con- 

 dition of many of our Lawson's Cypress trees. This is one of our common and most 

 handsome ornamental trees, and therefore the way in which they are d^nng is a 

 matter of no small concern to many parties. 



The first indication one has that the tree is diseased is in the unhealthy appearance 

 of the upper leaves. These turn brown and die, and gradually those below take on 

 a similar appearance, until they are all killed. If the trunk and branches are exam- 

 ined, it will be noticed that they are thickly punctured with small holes. Then if 

 some of the bark is cut, it will be found to be dead in many places, especially near 

 the top of the tree, not infrequently extending entirely across the branch. There 

 will also be noticed small burrows just under the surface, and if it is in the winter 

 there may usually be found at one end of each burrow a small white grub or dark- 



('■ Identified by Professor Davy as Cnjptomeria. 



^^Rept. Univ. of Cal. Agric. Exp. Sta., 1898-1901, Part I, pp. 80, 81. 



<^The writer has examined the specimens on which this identification was based, 

 and finds that it is quite different from P. punctatus, a common enemy of the Giant 

 and other Western cedars. 



Fig. 2.— The Lawson's Cypress bark-beetle: adults, 

 male and female (original i. 



