APPENDIX — DEFINITIONS 



633 



lumber but which can be used for ties and timbers. 

 (See "Forest Land and Timber," table 84, p. 138). 

 Detailed specifications for hardwood log grades are 

 given in the following publication: 



U. S. Forest Products Laboratory, Hardwood 

 Log Grades for Standard Lumber and How 'To 

 Apply Them. U. S. Forest Serv., Forest Prod. 

 Lab.' Rpt. D1737-A, 16 pp., illus. Madison, 

 Wis., 1949. [Processed.] 



For the southern yellow pines, four lumber grades, 

 based on yard-lumber specifications, are used: 

 Average Grade 1 logs, according to one recent 

 study, yield over 50 percent B ancl Better lumber, 

 Grade 2 logs 30 to 50 percent, Grade 3 logs 13 to 

 17 percent, and Grade 4 logs only 1 to 4 percent 

 B and Better lumber. Grade specifications can 

 be found in: 



U. S. Forest Service. Interim I^og Grades for 

 Southern Pine. 18 pp., illus. 1953. [Processed.] 



Logging residues. 



Logging residues from live sawtimber. The 



net board-foot volume of live sawtimber trees 

 cut or killed bj^ logging and not converted to 

 timber products. 



Logging residues from growing stock. The 

 net cubic-foot volume of live sawtimber and 

 poletimber trees cut or killed by logging and 

 not converted to timber products. Also given 

 in standard cords. 



Loss of accumulated growtli. See Growth im- 

 pact. 



Lumber manufacturer. See Ownership. 

 Merchantable top (sawtimber trees). The 

 point on the bole of sawtimber trees above which a 

 minimum merchantable, saw log, as defined region- 

 ally, cannot be produced. 

 Mortality, annual. 



Annual mortality of sawtimber. The average 

 annual net board-foot volume removed from 

 live sawtimber during a specified period through 

 death from natural causes, exclusive of catas- 

 trophic losses. 



Annual mortality of growing stock. The 

 average annual net cubic-foot volume removed 

 from growing stock during a specified period 

 through death from natural causes, exclusive of 

 catastrophic losses. Also given in standard 

 cords. 



National forest ownership. See Ownership. 

 National income. All monetary income re- 

 ceived by individual persons during a specified 

 period, before payment of direct personal taxes; 

 plus all undistributed corporate earnings. Does 

 not include funds allocated to depreciation and 

 depletion nor indirect business taxes. Gross 

 national product includes national income plus 

 these latter items. 

 Net volume. 



Net volume in board-feet. Gross volume in 

 terms of the International ^^-inch log rule, less 



deductions for rot, sweep, and otiier defects 

 aftecting use for lumber. 



Net volume in cubic feet. Gross volume in 

 cubic feet less deductions for rot. Also reported 

 in standard cords of 128 cubic feet, including 

 bark. 



Noncommercial forest land area. See Forest 

 land area. 



Nonforest land area. Land that does not 

 qualify as forest land. The minimum area 

 recognized as nonforest land is 1 acre in the East 

 and 10 acres in the West. Includes unimproved 

 roads, streams, canals, rights-of-way, clearings, 

 and treeless strips less than 120 feet wide. 

 Improved roads, regardless of width, will be clas- 

 sified as nonforest land. Includes land that has 

 never supported forest growth; land that is less 

 than 10 percent stocked with forest trees and that 

 has been developed for other use, such as grazing, 

 agricultural, residential, or industrial; all land in 

 thickly populated urban and suburban areas; and 

 water classified by the Bureau of the Census as 

 land. See Land area and Forest land area. 

 Nonstocked area. See Stocking. 

 Old-growth sawtimber stands. Sawtimber 

 stands in which over 50 percent of the net board- 

 foot volume is in old-growth sawtimber trees. 



Operating area. (1) The operating area of an 

 individual ownership is the combined area of the 

 forest types, within the ownership, in which some 

 cutting was done between January 1, 1947, and 

 date of examination, 1952-1954. (2) The oper- 

 ating area of an}^ size class or type of ownership 

 is the sum of the operating areas on individual 

 ownerships in that size class or type of ownership. 

 See the section Method of Expressing Results, 

 p. 234, for further explanation. 



Other Federal ownership. See Ownership. 

 Other private ownership. See Oumership. 

 Other wood manufacturer. See Ownership. 

 Owner. The person or group of persons in 

 whom is vested the title of a particular property. 

 Ownership. The property owned by one owner, 

 regardless of the number of parcels that it may 

 consist of, in a specified area such as a State, 

 region, or section, or in the United States and 

 Coastal Alaska as a whole. 



Ownership classes. A classification of prop- 

 erty based on the following types of ownership: 

 Federal ownership or trusteeship. Prop- 

 erty owned or administered by the Federal 

 Government. Includes the following types of 

 ownership: 



National forest. Federal property which, 

 by executive order or statute, has been 

 designated as a national forest, purchase 

 unit, or experimental area or Federal prop- 

 erty administered in conjunction with the 

 national forests. 



Indian. Indian tribal property or trust 

 allotments, i. e., real estate held in fee bv 



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