APPENDIX DEFINITIONS 



635 



Plant residues. Slabs, edgings, trimmings, mis- 

 cuts, cull pieces, veneer cores, sawdust, shavings, 

 wood substance lost in barking, shipper rejects 

 and screenings at pulp mills, veneer clippings and 

 other residues developed from logs, bolts, and other 

 round timber in the primary manufacturing 

 process, excluding lignin and various dissolved 

 wood substances incurred in pulp manufacture. 



Plantable area. Nonstocked or poorly stocked 

 forest land or nonforest land on which: (a) the 

 establishment of forest tree cover is desirable and 

 practical, and (b) regeneration will not occur 

 naturally within a reasonable time. As judged by 

 1952 conditions, plantable area includes virtually 

 all of the nonstocked forest land. It also includes 

 certain areas of seedlings and saplings slightly in 

 excess of 10-percent stocked where local experience 

 and judgment indicated that the areas were prac- 

 tical to plant. The nonforest category generally 

 pertains to former timberland diverted to cropland 

 but now lying idle. "A reasonable time" means 

 that poorly stocked seedling and sapling areas in 

 the eastern types and coastal conifer types in the 

 West should not be left understocked for more 

 than 5 years and interior western types for more 

 than 10 years. 



Planting. The establishment of tree cover 

 (tree or shrub cover in shelterbelts) by planting of 

 nursery stock or by direct seeding. 



Planting success. The area of acceptable plan- 

 tations divided by the total area planted. 



Poletimber stands. See Stand size class. 



Poletimber trees. See Tree size class. 



Poorly stocked stands. See Stocking. 



Projected demand for timber. The estimated 

 quantity of a timber product or products, or of 

 timber, that presumably would be demanded by 

 the Nation's economy at specified times in the 

 future; under conditions set forth in explicit 

 assumptions as to: (a) growth of the economy, 

 (b) technological trend in use of materials and of 

 substitutions, and (c) relationship of timber- 

 product prices to prices of competing materials. 



Productive but reserved forest land area. See 

 Forest land area. 



Productivity of recently cut lands. A concept 

 used to evaluate the conditions affecting present 

 and prospective timber growth, on lands logged for 

 commercial timber products between January 1, 

 1947, and date of examination, 1952-54, in relation 

 to standards of stocking, species composition, and 

 felling age adjudged currently attainable and 

 practical under local conditions. Full explanation 

 is given in the section Productivitv of Recently 

 Cut Lands, p. 223. 



Pulp manufacturer. See Ovmership. 



Realizable growth. See Growth. 



Recently cut lands. See Operating area and 

 Productivity of recently cut lands. 



Reserved forest land area. See Forest land area. 



Rotten cull trees. See Cull trees. 



Roundwood. The cubic volume of logs, bolts, 

 and other round sections as they are cut from the 

 tree. 



Salvable dead trees. Standing or down dead 

 trees which are considered merchantable by 

 regional standards. 



Sampling error. The en-or of an estimated total 

 or average that arises from taking a sample rather 

 than making a complete inventory or measure- 

 ment. In this Review, sampling errors do not 

 include bias due to errors in photo classification 

 of areas, mapping, measuring volume, tabulation, 

 computation, and compilation; these processes 

 could give rise to error whether or not sampling 

 is used. 



Saw-log portion. The portion of sawtimber trees 

 between stump and merchantable top. 



Sawtimber stands. See Stand size class. 



Sawtimber trees. See Tree size class. 



Sawtimber volume. 



Live sawtimber volume. Net volume in 



board-feet, International K-inch rule, of live 



sawtimber trees of commercial species. 



Salvable dead sawtimber volume. Net vol- 

 ume in board-feet, International }^-inch rule, 



of salvable dead sawtimber trees of commercial 



species. 



Seedling and sapling stands. See Stand size 

 class. 



Seedlings and saplings. See Tree size class. 



Shelter belt. A plantation of trees or shrubs 

 established to serve as a windbreak to prevent 

 wind erosion, protect farm buildings, and otherwise 

 moderate the microclimate. 



Softwoods. In the United States and Coastal 

 Alaska, coniferous, evergreen (except larches and 

 baldcypress) trees of commercial species. See Spe- 

 cies groups. 



Sound cull trees. See Cull trees. 



Species groups. 

 Eastern softwoods. 



Longleaf and slash pines 

 Shortleaf and loblollv 



pines 

 Other soiitheri 

 pines 



Spruce and balsam fir 

 White and red pines 

 .Jack pine 

 Hemlock 

 Cypress 

 Other eastern softwoods 



yellow 



Eastern hard hardwoods. Hardwood species 

 whose wood has an average hardness index value 

 of more than 80 as listed in table 1 of L. J. Mark- 

 wardt's Comparative Strength Properties of Woods 

 Grown in the United States, U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Tech. Bui. 158, 38 pp. 1930. Included are: 

 White oaks {Quercus alba Yellow birch 



and Q. prinus) 

 Other white oaks 

 Red oaks (Q. horeaUs and 



Q. falcata var. pagodae- 



folia) 

 Other red oaks 



Sugar maple 



Beech 



Ash 



Hickory 



Black walnut 



Other hard hardwoods 



Eastern soft hardwoods. Hardwood species 

 whose wood has an average hardness index value 

 of 80 or less as listed in table 1 of L. J. Mark- 



