24 



The Larva. — In color tbe caterpillar of tbls Pyralid varies greatly, but 

 it is usually of a ligbter or darker green ; tbe darkest specimens are 

 almost bluisb-green, tbe i)alest yellowisb-green. In tbe great majority 

 of cases tbe piliferous warts are black and i)olisbed, bitt in otbers, and 

 cbiefiy in tbe smaller ones, tbey are of tbe same color as tbe body. In 

 fact, bardly any two caterpillars, comiugfrom tbe same motb, areexactly 

 alike. Tbe arrangement of tbese warts is best observed in tbe darker 

 si)ecimens, wbere two rows of tbem,.eacb consisting of two warts, form 

 an almost exact square upon eacb abdominal segment. Tbe warts below 

 and above tbe sijiracles are lougitudinallj^ oval and ratber far removed 

 from tbe dorsal rows. Tbe cervical plate is eitber black witb greenisb 

 or green witb blackisb markings. Tbe yellowisb-green bead is distin- 

 guisbed by two ill-defined, oblique and dusky stripes, wbicb diverge 

 posteriorly. Tbe very small spiracles are dull yellow. In a number of 

 very dark green specimens tbe bead is more yellow tban green and not 

 marked witb any black. Quite a number of tbese caterpillars are almost 

 olive-green, suffused more or less witb cberry-red. Tbe recently batcbed 

 caterpillars are wbite, witb a pale yellow bead. Tbese bigbly i^olisbed 

 caterpillars reacb a lengtb of 20™"^ wben tbey cease to feed and prepare 

 to pulsate. Tbe duration of tbeir larval existence is about tbree weeks. 



Fig. 4. Makgauodes quaduistigmaus. a, larva, side view; b, same, dorsal view; c, cocoon; d, 



motl) — all islijililly cnlarfjod; e, two soginonls of larva iVom side sliowing arrangouieut of spots; /, anal 

 segment of pupa from below — still moie enlarged (origiual). 



mm 



Pv/j>a and Cocoon. — The slender, brigbt amber-colored pupa is 15 

 long, and is well ])rotected by a double cocoon, wbicb is, bowever, so 

 tbin and transparent tliat tbepui)a can clearly be discerned inside of it. 

 Tbe wbite and delicate outer cocoon, usually fastened securely between 

 leaves or to tbe rubbisb under tbe bedge, is somewbat oval, tbougb 

 fie(iuent]y very irregular in sbape ; it is frequently a little denser near 

 tbe anterior end. Tlie inner and still tliinner cocoon surrounds tbe pupa 

 (juite closely, and is connected witb tbe outer one by a number of iireg- 

 ubn- threads. As tbe motb matures inside tbe pupa Ibe former brigbt 



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