10 
furnished the very conditions most favorable for this wood-borer, as 
similar injuries do for many other wood-boring insects. 
HISTORY OF THE SPECIES. 
Brief reference to the work of the Ceresa in orchards have been made 
by various western entomologists, but no general account of it has 
appeared in any publication accessible to fruit growers. Its habits 
were first correctly described in an article by the writer in the Trans- 
actions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences for 1886 (pp. 84-85), and 
the same year Mr. John G. Jack gave a brief account of it in the 
Fig. 5. — Ceresa taurina Fitch: a, adult female, dorsal view; 5, one-half lateral view of same; c, 
ventral view of tip of female abdomen with last ventral arc still more enlarged at side; d, lateral view 
of same; e, antenna; /, portion of hind tibia — all enlarged (original). 
Canadian Entomologist (vol. xvm, p. 51). Accounts purporting to be 
of the habits and life-history of Ceresa bubalus were published by Dr. 
Fitch and later by Dr. Riley, but in both instances an entirely distinct 
insect had been studied. Dr. Fitch, in his Twelfth Annual Report 
(1807, p. 889), described very elaborately the eggs of the common snowy 
tree-cricket (CEcanthus niveus Serv.) as the eggs of the buffalo tree- 
hopper, and Dr. Riley, in his Fifth Missouri Report (1873, p. 121), takes 
Dr. Fitch to task for this mistake, and proceeds to describe what he 
supposed to be the eggs and early stages of bubalus, again, however, 
having a totally distinct insect under observation. In the latter case 
