76 
GREAT BRITAIN. 
There is not and never has been in Great Britain a special government 
appropriation for work in economic entomology. In 1885 Mr. Charles 
Whitehead suggested to the lords of the committee of council for 
agriculture that it would be valuable to publish reports upon insects 
injurious to various farm crops. He prepared, and the council pub- 
lished, a series of four reports upon insects injurious to the hop plant, 
corn, and leguminous plants, to turnips, cabbage, and other cultivated 
cruciferous plants, and to fruit crops. In 1886 Mr. Whitehead was 
appointed agricultural adviser and prepared a report upon insects and 
fungi injurious to crops of the farm, orchard, and garden for 1887-'88. 
In 1889 the board of agriculture was formed, and Mr. Whitehead was 
retained as technical adviser, especially with reference to insects and 
fungi injurious to crops, but also with reference to other agricultural 
questions. He prepared annual reports on insects and fungi for 1889, 
1891, and 1892, and a number of leaflets and special bulletins on insects 
unusually prevalent from 1889 down to the present time. I learn from 
Mr. Whitehead that there is no specific law authorizing this expendi- 
ture; that his work Las been continuous since 1887, and that he has 
received an annual sum of £250 only. The more important of the 
special bulletins and leaflets which have been issued have been : Special 
Eeport on an Attack of the Diamond-back Moth Caterpillar, 1892; 
Caterpillars on Fruit Trees; Hessian Fly; Moths on Fruit Trees, 1890; 
Apple Blossom Weevil, Raspberry Moth, and the Mangel-wurzel Fly, 
1892; Black Currant Mite, 1893; and the Red Spider and Apple 
Sucker, 1894. 
While Mr. Whitehead has therefore been the only governmental 
worker in agricultural entomology, a very considerable work has been 
done in a semiofficial way by an untiring and public-spirited woman, 
Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, who is, or rather was, in her official capacity, 
honorary consulting entomologist to the Royal Agricultural Society. 
From 1876 to 1893 Miss Ormerod held this position; conducted the 
correspondence of the Royal Agricultural Society on the subject of 
injurious insects, and published at her own expense a series of annual 
reports, seventeen in number, which have contributed very largely to 
the diffusion of knowledge concerning injurious insects in Great Britain 
among the farming classes. She has had a most conservative class of 
people to deal with, and has encountered many obstacles. She has 
shown herself ingenious, careful, and receptive to a degree, and at the 
same time possessed of an enthusiam and an unlimited perseverance 
which are calculated to overcome all obstacles. She has studied many 
of the English crop enemies de novo; she has popularized the work of 
other English entomologists, and has made accessible to the agricul- 
tural class the work of John Curtis and Prof. Westwood, and has 
adopted, and strongly advocated the adoption of, measures found to be 
successful in other countries, rjarticularly in America. The good which 
