79 
ment of Agriculture, with a view to duplicating them at his own 
station. 
AT STRIA-HUNGrARY. 
The Austro-Hungarian Empire as a whole has done little in the way 
of official economic entomology. Austria proper resembles Germany ; 
general entomological education is so far advanced, semipopular works 
upon entomology are so abundant, and the crop conditions are such, 
that the necessity for official work has not been felt. Vincent Kollar, 
writing from 1824 to 1858, particularly after his connection with the 
Zoological Museum at Vienna, paid special attention to injurious 
insects, and as his museum position was an official one he may be said 
to have been, to a certain extent, an official entomologist. His well- 
known work entitled Xaturgeschichte der schadlichen Insekten in Bezug 
auf Landwirthschaft und Forstkultur was published privately in 
Vienna in 1837, but its contents were based upon researches made 
under government pay. A translation of this work into English, by 
Loudon, with added notes by Westwood, published three years later 
in London, for many years remained a standard and accessible work 
upon European injurious insects. It is unfortunate that in the trans- 
lation Kollar\s name became Kollar. Georg Pitter von Frauenfeld. 
writing from 1847 to 1861, published a number of notices upon injurious 
insects, and other Austrian writers have done the same. Among the 
many semipopular works upon economic entomology may be mentioned 
G. Henschers volume on Injurious Insects of Farm and Kitchen- 
Garden; Their Life Histories and Remedies, published in 1890, at 
Vienna. The department of forest insects is well cared for by forestry 
officials, as in Germany. 
True official encouragement of economic entomology in the Austro- 
Hungarian Empire, is, however, confined to the kindoms of Hungary 
and Bohemia. 
Hungary. — The work in economic entomology carried on under 
official auspices in the Kingdom of Hungary is done by the Royal State 
Entomological Station at Budapest, under the learned and able direc- 
tion of Dr. Geza Horvath. The station was founded in 1881 by the 
Government as a Phylloxera experiment station, with the practical end 
in view of the study of the grapevine Phylloxera and the remedial 
measures to be used against it. The organization of the station was 
placed in the hands of Dr. Horvath. who had already established a firm 
reputation for himself in the field of economic and scientific entomol- 
ogy, although the Phylloxera had for some years been the main object 
of his investigations. As the Phylloxera question, however, became 
more and more elucidated, and as the means of defense against this 
scourge became reduced to a practical basis, the work of the station 
became directed more and more toward other noxious insects. In con- 
formity with this gradual change the name of the station has beeu 
