83 
published an important work upon a branch of economic entomology 
entitled Les Insectes de la Yigne. Xo nation could have attacked an 
insect problem with more energy than did the French the question of 
subduing the Phylloxera in the early seventies, by means of special 
commissions and the offering of large rewards to scientific investiga- 
tors. The same energy was displayed when they were confronted with 
that disastrous disease of the silkworm known as pebrine. More 
recently the question of the injury to cultivated crops in Algeria by 
the Algerian locust has been approached with the same degree of 
scientific ability. But the appointment of special salaried entomolog- 
ical officers is a new thing in France. 
In 1893 there was established at Paris an institution called Le Lab- 
oratoire de Parasitologie Yegetaie de la Bourse de Commerce. This 
institution was created by the Societe de la Bourse de Commerce of 
Paris in the interest of agriculture, of the commerce in grain, and of 
all the agricultural interests of which the Bourse de Commerce is the 
centre d'affaires in Paris. The laboratory was founded by the appoint- 
ment of M. J. Danysz as director, and several bulletins have been 
published. 
More recently Prof. Brocchi, professor of zoology at the Institut 
Agronomique, at Paris, has been charged with the founding of a 
department of agricultural entomology. The work of the department 
will be to identify insects sent in for that purpose by agriculturists, 
and to point out means of destroying insect pests or diminishing their 
ravages. For some time previously M. Brocchi had, in his capacity of 
professor of zoology, answered questions upon economic entomology 
referred to him by the ministry of agriculture, and, as notably in the 
case of Ephestia kuehniella, a report upon which he published in the 
Bulletin du Ministere de 1' Agriculture, 1888, has occasionally furnished 
full and valuable reports. 
SPAIN. 
Aside from commission work upon the Phylloxera, Spain has done 
nothing in the way of official work in economic entomology. The shin- 
ing light in entomological research in Spain, Dr. Ignacio Bolivar, for 
many years connected with the National Museum at Madrid, and cura- 
tor of entomology in the Central University, has published many papers 
upon insects, some of them having an economic bearing, notably those 
upon injurious locusts of the Mediterranean region. Within the past 
few weeks an item has appeared in the newspapers stating that Spain 
has appropriated 8100,000 to further Phylloxera investigations, but 
concerning the method in which the sum is to be used I have learned 
nothing. 
THE NETHERLANDS. 
Economic entomology in the Netherlands, while reasonably advanced 
through the private labors of Dr. J. Ritzema Bos and several other 
5210— Xo. 2 3 
