88 
been conducted upon insects injurious to orchards in the Crimea, which 
have been published in a work comprising three parts. In the first 
part the Pyralids and Tineids are described; in the second part Schi- 
zoneura lanigera and several other plant-lice by Cholodkowsky, and in 
the third part Coleoptera and other insects. Further publications con- 
cerning the noxious insects of the country about Khwalinsk and those 
of the district of Kharkow, have been issued. In the first-mentioned 
locality, Rhynchites pauxillus and B. auratus, and also to some degree 
Anthonomus incurvus were particularly studied, while some observa- 
tions were made also upon Psylla malt, and in the latter locality three 
species of Ehynchites and a Scolytus, in addition to Oxythyrea stictica&ud 
Tropinota hiria, were special objects of study. Among insects injuri- 
ous to forests observations have been made upon various kinds of Bos- 
trichidae, as well as several other beetles, and Lepidoptera, by Linde- 
man and Schewyrow. Particular attention was paid to the destruc- 
tion of Psiliira monacha (the nun moth), Oeneria dispar (the gypsy moth), 
Bombyx pini, Bnpalus piniarius, and Zeuzer a pyrina (the leopard moth), 
by Schewyrow. 
I have entered into these details somewhat fully on account of the 
inaccessibility to the American worker of these papers, which are pub- 
lished in the Eussian language, a tongue which is little known in this 
country. This mention will sufficiently characterize the activity of the 
entomologists who have been detailed by the Department of Agricul- 
ture. The department has also, in particularly important cases, called 
conferences and established temporary commission s. Three Phylloxera 
experiment stations or commissions have been established in this way — 
one in the Caucasus, another in the Crimea, and a third at Odessa. The 
expenses of these three commissions or experiment stations are paid 
by the Department of Agriculture. Experts are in charge and direct 
investigations and experiments. The results are forwarded to the 
central department and published. 
The correspondence of the Department of Lands and Agriculture in 
regard to injurious insects has increased so greatly of late years that a 
rather peculiar feature has been introduced. A request has been sent 
out by the department to a number of entomologists not officially con- 
nected with it soliciting their assistance, and a contingent of so-called 
" correspondents on entomological questions" has been formed. Most 
of the correspondents are members of the Eussian Entomological 
Society, although living in different parts of the empire. To these 
correspondents agriculturists and local agricultural societies look for 
advice as to the best means of fighting injurious insects. 
In 1878 the authorities of Odessa created the Odessa Entomological 
Commission, which was at first almost entirely dependent upon appro 
priations from the provinces of Cherson, Taur, and Bessarabia. In 1887 
a regular entomologist was employed, since which date the authorities 
of Poltaw and Jekaterinslaw have also provided funds for the support 
