90 
and Dr. E. Oldeudorff, also German employes of the Argentine Govern- 
ment, investigated and reported upon injurious locusts during the years 
1874 and 1876. A later commission was established, as I am informed 
by Senor Enrique M. Kelson, but its publications are not accessible to 
me at present. Similar work of a semiofficial character has been done 
by Dr. Erederico Philippi, of the Botanical Gardens at Santiago, Chile, 
and by Dr. A. Ernst, director of the National Museum at Caracas, 
Venezuela, and to a lesser degree by other observers in other South 
American countries. 
Brazil. — In November, 1870, Mr. B. Pickman Mann, a well-known 
entomologist, of Cambridge, Mass., went to Brazil, bearing a letter of 
personal introduction to the Emperor Dom Pedro II from Prof. Louis 
Agassiz. He arrived about the end of December and presented his 
letter, when the Emperor recommended him in a personal letter to the 
Minister of Agriculture, who, in January, 1871, gave Mr. Mann a com- 
mission to investigate the zoology, botany, and entomology of Brazil, 
with a salary and a free railway pass. Mr. Mann selected his own field 
of work, and investigated coffee and maize insects for five mouths, pre- 
senting a report upon each. He returned to the United States in June, 
1871. So far as I know, these reports were, unfortunately, never pub- 
lished by the Brazilian Department of Agriculture, although Mr. Mann, 
after his return, published in the American Naturalist an interesting 
account of some of his observations upon coffee insects. 
About 1885 Dr. Emil A. Goeldi, a former Phylloxera expert in Switz- 
erland, and at that time curator of zoology in the National Museum at 
Eio de Janeiro, was commissioned to study coffee-tree diseases about 
Rio. He prepared a detailed report, which was published in the last 
volume of the archives of the Museum. Before the completion of this 
report he was sent to Sao Paulo to study the viticultural interests of 
that State, and especially to report upon the danger from the Phyl- 
loxera. Concerning this investigation he published a book entitled 
Yedeiras Americanos (American Vines). This work, I believe, was 
published privately, and in it the author showed the advantages of the 
culture of North American vines, especially those of the Vitis cesti- 
valis group. In 1890 Dr. Goeldi left Rio, and is at present director of 
the Colonia Alpena of Theresopolis and also director of the Museum of 
Natural History at Para. 
Chile. — The Chilean Government began an official investigation of 
injurious insects in December, 1891, and by a vote of Congress the 
amount of $200,000 was appropriated to be expended in exterminating 
the Argentine locust, which invaded Chile December 7 to 11, 1891. 
Less than $10,000, however, was expended, and there is now no reg- 
ular appropriation beyond the salary of the entomologist, Mr. Edwyn 
C. Reed, an American, and formerly connected with the U. S. Naval 
Academy at Annapolis, Md. The reason for the expenditure of so 
small a sum was, primarily, the fact that the Chilean territory invaded 
