117 
the injury was trifling, a very small percentage, perhaps 1 or 2 per 
cent, of the early leaves turned yellow and fell to the ground, but I am 
inclined to believe that this was merely the normal spring shedding of 
the leaves, which is seen In nearly all plants, notably in the box elder; 
and, in fact, it was about as noticeable on trees untreated as on the 
treated trees. In the case of the Japan quince, however, with the two 
stronger mixtures, namely, those with one-third and one-fifth kerosene 
emulsion, a few yellow spots appeared on the leaves, and later, upon 
handling the limbs treated with the strongest mixture, about one- 
fourth of the leaves were found to fall off readily. These leaves, while 
looking comparatively healthy and green, had evidently been injured 
more than their surface appearance indicated. With number 2 this 
peculiarity was almost unnoticeable, and with 3 and 4 no injury what- 
ever was shown, nor did any further injury manifest itself throughout 
the season in the case of any of the plants treated. 
These experiments would indicate that the kerosene emulsion can be 
applied in much stronger dilution to tender foliage of growing plants 
than has hitherto been supposed. Later in the season applications 
were made to a large number of peach trees at the standard strength, 
namely, diluted with 9 parts of water, with no injury whatever result- 
ing to the trees, and a similar result attended the midsummer appli- 
cation to the same trees. 
Having occasion to experiment in a large pear orchard, a number of 
mixtures were used on July 31 on young pear trees. The foliage was 
for the most part well matured and hardened, but in the vigorous 
growth of the young trees there were more or less new and com- 
parative!}' tender leaves. The mixtures used were the milk emulsion, 
the whale-oil soap emulsion, standard summer resin wash, and an 
emulsion made with the resin-wash soap and kerosene. The emulsions 
were all used diluted in two strengths, namely, diluted with 7 and 9 
parts of water, and the kerosene and whale-oil soap emulsion, diluted 
also with 44 parts of water. None of these washes resulted in any 
injury whatever to the pear trees, and their application was very 
thorough, even to the point of excess. 
Some young trees on the Department grounds, presenting about the 
same conditions of foliage, were thoroughly sprayed with the milk 
emulsion diluted with Bordeaux mixture to the standard amount, 
uamely, 1 part to 9. In this case also the plants suffered no injury 
whatever. The Euonymus bushes in the Department grounds were 
also sprayed with various strengths of the kerosene and soap mixture, 
the stronger mixtures being twice and four times the standard strength, 
or diluted respectively with 4i and 2 J parts of water. In neither case, 
however, did any injury result to the plant, and the stronger mixture 
of the two was the only one which was entirely satisfactory in destroy- 
ing the Euonymus scale. 
I have considered it important to put these various experiments on 
record to emphasize that little danger attends the i>roper application 
