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(2) Lime-kerosene emulsion. — In the course of some investigations 
made three or four years ago in the treatment of rust and plant lice 
affecting oats, it was found that kerosene and lime when shaken together 
cold would make an emulsion that would stand fairly well. This 
emulsion has been prepared in various ways, but has never been thor- 
oughly tested by me as an insecticide. The usual method of prepara- 
tion has been to first prepare a milk of lime having about the con- 
sistency of thick cream. The kerosene may then be added to the lime 
milk at the rate of 1 to 5, 1 to 10, 1 to 15, 1 to 20, 1 to 25, or 1 to 30. 
After adding the kerosene it is only necessary to thoroughly churu 
the mixture by pumping it back into itself by means of a small force 
pump. The emulsions of the strengths mentioned have been used 
without injurious results on a number of plants, such as grape, rose, 
cherry, raspberry, etc. It does not seem to spread as readily as the 
soap emulsion nor is it as stable when diluted. It may prove useful, 
however, as a medium for the combination of the arsenites with kero- 
sene. 
(3) Bordeaux-mixture-kerosene emulsion. — Having used kerosene in 
emulsion with lime milk, the thought suggested itself that the kerosene 
might be added to Bordeaux mixture and thus produce a combined 
insecticide and fungicide. It was found upon experimenting that the 
kerosene would readily emulsify with the Bordeaux mixture, forming 
a compound more stable than the mixture alone. The insecticide and 
fungicide properties of the combination have not been thoroughly 
tested in the field. Some trials, made with a view of testing the mix- 
ture as regards its wetting power, adhesiveness, and injurious effect 
on foliage, have shown that in most cases the preparation wets the parts 
almost as readily as Bordeaux mixture alone, but it does not seem to 
adhere quite so well. The strength used in these trials range from 1 
to 5 to 1 to 25, the 1 in each case representing the kerosene, ^No injury 
resulted to any of the plants excepting peach, which had its foliage 
removed by the 1 to 5 and. 1 to 10 formulas. It seems to me that this 
is a very promising combination, and I hope it may be thoroughly 
tested in the field. 
About a year ago Prof. Slingerland, of the Cornell Experiment Sta- 
tion, described a similar mixture,* which, upon field trial, did not prove 
satisfactory. Prof. Slingerland's mixture differs from the one under 
consideration in that he made up his kerosene emulsion in the regular 
way with soap and then added it to Bordeaux mixture. I am under the 
impression that such a combination would not be as stable as the kero- 
sene alone, as the lime would have a tendency to separate the soap 
from the kerosene. 
(4) Bordeaux-mixture-kerosene emulsion and Paris green. — Paris 
green may be added to this combination in any amount desired, thus 
* Slingerland, M. V., The Cornell Mixture, Science, August 25, 1893, pp. 105, 106. 
