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remove all that appear in devastating numbers as far as it is possible to 
do so. 
The European leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina) is one of the worst 
insects we have to contend with. It works in secret, and not until the 
damage is done can we locate it. Last season we spent two months on 
this insect alone, collecting and destroying the larvae and pupae. All 
the affected limbs were collected, the insects removed, and then the 
limbs were taken to the dump and destroyed by fire, in this way mak- 
ing the work complete. A great many wagon -loads were so collected 
and destroyed, and this work manifested itself this year in the lesser 
number of trees affected. This year we continued the work of collect- 
ing, but were only able to give two weeks to it, but with the aid of the 
gardeners we were able to destroy a great many. I believe the work 
we have done with this insect alone has saved thousands of trees in our 
parks that would otherwise have been either destroyed or deformed. 
This question is a serious one when we are considering such valuable 
representations of our Silva as are collected in our city parks, for when 
a limb is amputated by this insect the stub is most sure to die, and if 
the fungus does not immediately take possession of it, it will be ampu- 
tated by a so-called gardener, who does not see the advisability of pro- 
tecting the scar from fungi and insects; and here is offered a field for 
the greedy fungi, whose ever-present spores are ready to grow when 
the proper field offers itself, and they hardly ever fail to take posses- 
sion and all over our fine elms can be seen with groups of Agaricus 
ulmarius in all stages of growth. This close pruning, without proper 
protection from insects and fungi, is one of the most important ques- 
tions of our times, for every year great numbers of trees are destroyed 
for want of proper protection and a knowledge of seasonable pruning. 
Right here the sap-fly, which I take to be Mycetobia pallipes,* finds 
congenial habitat, and hundreds of trees are weakened by the flow of 
sap they cause, besides being unsightly from the slimy frass running 
down their sides. Those we treat with a crude carbolic-acid emulsion 
sprayed over them; after a time, however, they again show themselves, 
and have to be treated again. 
The elm leaf-beetle is another pest that we have to fight, but with 
the force of two men, and miles of ground to cover, it is very difficult 
to keep this insect in subjection. Our success has been in preventive 
measures rather than otherwise. However, we do successfully destroy 
them when they have spread over the entire tree. As soon as the first 
eggs are discovered on the leaves, about the 1st of June, we immedi- 
ately poison the foliage and keep them from spreading. When the 
larvee come down to pupate and collect at the base of the tree, we treat 
them by spraying with an emulsion of kerosene and crude carbolic acid. 
In this way we destroy bushels of them, and with the spraying are 
able to keep them in check in our city parks. 
*Mr. A. D. Hopkins says it is probably a species of Sciara.— E. B. S. 
