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reason why our parks could not be kept in the best condition, but with 
a force of but two men, with the entomologist, the wonder is that even 
a respectable showing can be made and the vegetation kept in as good 
coudition as we now find it. 
Mr. Howard said that he was very much interested in Mr. Southwick's 
account of the use of water as an insecticide and referred to some 
experiments in the same line which he had conducted, in which he 
showed a strong stream of water to be an effective agent against the 
rose slug and certain other insects. 
Some discussion followed on the nature of the work and the probable 
species of the sap worm described by Mr. Southwick, which was thought 
by Mr. Lintner to be probably a species of Sciara. 
Mr. Southwick then read the following pajjer: 
THE WOOD-LEOPARD MOTH IN THE PARKS OF NEW YORK CITY. 
By E. B. Southwick, New York City. 
This very destructive insect is now thoroughly established in the 
parks and places of New York City, and is yearly doing an immense 
amount of damage. 
This Zeuzera was first noticed by me in Central Park in the year 
1884,* when the gardeners brought me a large larva, which they had 
taken from an elm limb. At -the time I did not know what insect it 
was. It resembled somewhat the larva of Xyleutes robinice, and I 
thought it might possibly be that species which had taken to a new food 
plant, as it was known to bore into the trunks of willow, oak, locust, 
poplar, and chestnut. 
Although numbers of the moths had been taken at electric lights, 
and the larvae had become more abundant, yet it was not until 1889 
that the real species was found out. Mr. Angelmann, of Newark, N. J., 
was the first to obtain the imago from the larva, and these were identi- 
fied as Zeuzera pyrina, or Z. cesculi, as some authors have it. This fact 
was noticed in an article by Prof. John B. Smith, published in Garden 
and Forest. 
This insect has now become one of the worst pests we have to deal 
with, and already the trees and shrubs are becoming deformed from the 
effects of their disastrous workings. 
They are already affecting more thau 20 species of trees and shrubs, 
and none seem to be exempt save the evergreens, and possibly a few 
others. 
Even quite small shrubs are affected by them, which no doubt occurs 
from the fact that the gravid female is blown from the trees, and being 
* Published in the New York Independent, October 1, 1891. 
