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The latter portion was originally free and in fine condition, and much 
of it is still uninjured by the scale, which has, however, spread from 
the northern older trees over the central portion of the newer orchard, 
many trees being so badly infested as to be killed outright. The New 
Jersey stock planted in the spring of 1888 is all thoroughly inerusted 
with the scale, and much of it has died, and at the time of the exami- 
nation had been removed and destroyed. In the old orchard on the 
riverside more or less of ihe New Jersey stock of 1887 was used in 
replanting trees which had failed, and most of this orchard was found to 
be thoroughly infested with the scales, which examination showed had 
spread from the later replantings. In much of the central part of the 
older orchard the trees were found to be dead, having succumbed to the 
severe winter from the weakening resulting from the attacks of the 
scale. 
Within a radius of two miles three other orchards were found on the 
river front, one of them on the farm immediately adjoining that con- 
taining the infested orchard. The trees in all three of these orchards 
were obtained, as were the 1891 trees in the infested orchard, from 
Eedding & Xinde. of King George County. Va., and were found to be 
perfectly healthy and absolutely free from scale. 
Some experiments had been made during the late winter and early 
spring with winter washes for scale insects, mainly against Diaspis 
lanatus and Ch ionaspis furfurus, from which it appeared that of the three 
principal winter washes (viz, strong kerosene emulsion; lime, salt and 
sulphur; and resin wash) the strong kerosene emulsion was most effect- 
ive. The Riverside fruit-grower was therefore advised, more to relieve 
his great anxiety and keep him occupied than with any explicit idea 
that he would be able to exterminate the scale, to apply strong kero- 
sene emulsion to a number of his dormant trees and report results. 
This he was unable to do until the trees were beginning to spring into 
life. Some trunk washings, however, which were conducted during 
April, showed that by the application of this remedy about 90 per 
cent of the scales could be killed without injury to the vitality of the 
tree, the standard emulsion being diluted with -ii parts of water. It 
was then decided to delay further insecticide operations until the hatch- 
ing of the young. The first young were noticed on May 19. and upon 
May 27 a portion of the infested trees were sprayed with a bucket pump. 
This spraying, however, was very carelessly done, as subsequent obser- 
vation and examination showed. Xot even all of the newly hatched 
young were killed, owing to the fact that the spray did not reach 
all parts of the tree. The females, viviparous in habit, gave birth 
to their young over quite an extended space of time: the young were 
continuously hatching for a full month. Ten days after the first spray- 
ing badly infested trees were swarming with newly hatched young 
and covered with others recently settled. A second spraying over 
another portion of the orchard was performed June 7. This was done 
