162 
our orchardists millions of dollars, and it would do for the infected 
orchardists East what it had done in the West. 
As a matter of fact, our recommendations in Circular No. 3 were 
based upon the results of winter exj>eriments upon allied scales at 
Washington, and it is pleasing to be able to quote in support of our 
circular, and as opposed to Mr. Lelong's statements, the testimony of 
so practical a mau as Mr. H. B. Muscott, chairman of the county board 
of horticultural commissioners of San Bernardino County, Cal., who 
writes (April 12, 1894) that five years ago his commission was organ- 
ized and started a vigorous crusade to eradicate the scale, and that the 
work has been so successfully accomplished that, from the reports of 
inspectors received in April, there was not at that time so much of the 
scale in the entire county as could be found in individual orchards five 
years ago. When carefully prepared and thoroughly applied, the choice 
of the commission which has accomplished this effective work is, first, 
kerosene emulsion; and, second, lime, salt, and sulphur as a dormant 
wash. The San Bernardino County method of preparing kerosene 
emulsion is as follows : Take 5 pounds of whale-oil soap, 5 gallons of kero- 
sene; dissolve the soap in 10 gallons of boiling water; then remove 
from the lire and add the kerosene slowly, thoroughly churning the 
mixture in the meantime; then add enough hot water slowly to make 
the whole mixture 50 gallons, continuing the churning while adding the 
hot water. Apply milk warm for the best results. This will not make 
a thoroughly satisfactory emulsion; that is to say, an emulsion which 
will stand for any great length of time. It amounts, in fact, to one 
part of standard emulsion to a little over three parts of water. 
An interesting phase of this investigation is the use that has been 
made of the fact that the San Jose scale was first discovered in Vir- 
ginia, by an Ohio nursery firm through one of its agents in the State 
of Kentucky to build up business for his firm by discrediting nursery 
stock coming from Virginia. It was quite to be expected that tree 
agents, who are proverbially almost as sharp as lightning-rod men, 
should use such a fact as this, and we have been to some trouble to 
assure Virginia nurserymen that in no case have they been proved to 
be responsible for the introduction of this insec L . As above stated, the 
onus rests entirely upon the two New Jersey dealers and the one in 
Missouri. 
There can be no doubt that great harm has been done by the lament- 
able carelessness of these two New Jersey firms and the firm in Mis- 
souri. But, from the present outlook, so far as my own information 
goes (and it mast be remembered that I know nothing of the state of 
affairs in New Jersey) the damage done has not been irremediable. In 
fact, it is an open question whether the ultimate result will not be a 
good rather than a bad one. One, at least, of the New Jersey firms has 
shown such a desire to make amends that it has burned up thousands 
of valuable trees and has madeevery effort not only to repair the dam- 
