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Plums are not grown to any great extent in New Jersey, owing to the 
attacks of the Curculio, and few scales were distributed on such stock 
in our State. It is on pears principally that the distribution has been 
made, and on a few varieties chiefly. The Idaho has been the most 
dangerous because it came infested whenever imported direct, and after 
it came in close order Madame von Siebold, Garber, Lawson, Seckel, 
Lawrence, and Bartlett. Other varieties are also infested, but less 
frequently, and the scales do not do so well. Kieffers alone are abso- 
lutely exempt, and closely following comes the Leconte, which is rarely 
infested in the nursery, and never in the orchard, in my experience. 
One tree grafted with Lawson and Kieffer had the Lawson branch and 
fruit covered with scales, while the Kieffer branch was entirely free. 
In not a single case have I found scales in a Kieffer orchard, though 
in the nursery a larva will occasionally get upon a fruit and fix, only 
to be forced out before it is half grown. As the Kieffer is the favorite 
variety in southern New Jersey and hundreds of it are set out to one 
of any other, the danger of serious or very rapid spread is much less- 
ened. Currants, black and red, became rapidly infested, and the 
scales were certainly distributed on these plants, mostly outside of 
New Jersey, however. The Japanese quince is extremely susceptible 
to scale attack, and the fruit particularly becomes entirely covered. 
Within a few days I have received a branch of an elm badly infested. 
It was for a time a matter of surprise to me that so comparatively 
few orchards were infested by the scale; but I soon found that this was 
due in great part to the care given the orchards by the majority of 
growers. In one case I found Idaho trees that had certainly been 
infested and yet showed the marks where numerous scales had been. 
Inquiry showed that the owner treated all his trees to a winter washing 
of crude potash dissolved in water sufficient to take it all up,- and in 
Spring gave them all a dose of poisoned whitewash. He believes in 
cleau trees and tries to keep them so. As a result he cleaned out the 
scale, and others I am quite sure have been similarly successful. 
Whitewashing alone, over the scales, will not kill them 5 but repeated 
washings during the season hits a vast proportion of larvae before 
they are fixed and materially checks spread. In one orchard infested 
apple trees were introduced in 1800 and they were reported clean by 
the owner. I had the opportunity to call on him and found the trunk 
and larger branches all clean • but on some of the fruit and at the tips 
of the branches were a very few scales; they were barely maintaining 
themselves, and certainly had not increased in number in four years. 
The owner sprays regularly with both insecticides and fungicides, and 
always makes a practice of covering trunk and branches completely 
with the combination of Bordeaux mixture and Paris green every time 
he sprays. Thus he hits the larvae when uncovered, or when just fixed, 
and the result has been practically clean trees. 
Very little has been done in the way of experimenting with insecti- 
