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generally in the New England States. Its sudden appearance in such 
enormous numbers so far south was therefore a matter of considerable 
surprise, and at the instance of Mr. Howard, I visited the orchard 
twice, made careful examinations of the work of the insect, and con- 
ducted some experiments with remedies. 
The pear-tree Psylla is by no means a common insect, and most ento- 
mologists are unfamiliar with the interesting conditions accompanying 
an excessive invasion of the pest. As described by Mr. Slingerland in 
the case of the New York invasions of 1891 and 1892, and as witnessed 
by myself at Capt. Emory's place, the indications of the presence of 
the insect in its effects upon the trees are in the falling of the leaves 
and fruit, the latter before it is half grown, but chiefly in the enormous 
secretion of honeydew by the larvre and nymphs. One who has not 
witnessed this sight gives credence with difficulty to the reports as to 
the amounts of this liquid constantly being secreted. In the present 
case the water-like fluid or honeydew not only covered the leaves and 
twigs, but, to quote from an interesting account in the Chestertown 
Transcript, " fairly rained from the trees, and ran down the trunks to 
the ground; and even now a discolored circle, extending for from 6 to 
8 inches around the trees, attests the extent of the presence of this 
liquid. Heavy and protracted rains kept the honeydew washed from 
the trees for several weeks, so that it was not at first noticed, but after 
the rainy season, when the trees were being worked, the horses used 
became so drenched with the sticky substance that it became necessary 
to wash it off with sponges, the currycomb being useless. The trees 
became weakened and lost much of their fruit, the leaves became black- 
ened and fell in great numbers, and the bodies of the trees look to-day 
as if they had been smoked. The scene presented was certainly one 
never before witnessed in Kent County. Twenty thousand beautiful 
trees, many of them nearly stripped of their foliage, the remaining 
leaves blackened and the trunks blackened by the honeydew, is a sight 
well calculated to strike consternation and despair to the heart of the 
average fruit-grower." 
When I visited the orchard on July 20 the transformation from the 
last nymphal stage to the adult had taken place and the trees were 
covered with adult insects only, and these had only just begun depos 
iting eggs for what was probably the second summer brood. The secre- 
tion of honeydew had of course ceased, the excretion of the adults 
being wax like and crystalline, but the trees still bore marked evidences 
of the secretion of a few weeks earlier. The leaves, limbs, and trunks 
were blackened by the growth in the sweetish liquid of the smoky 
fungus, Fumago salicina, and in the falling of the foliage and the dis- 
eased and smoky-looking fruit a picture of disaster was presented 
which was rather startling in its effects. Mr. Slingerland has described 
the appearance of the leaves of a tree severely attacked by this insect 
as small, yellow, and easily falling. In Mr. Emory's orchard the leaves 
